FBQ1: The historical theory that rejects war as a means of settling Disputes and argues that peaceful efforts should be applied in Conflicts is known as --------- Answer: *Pacifism* FBQ2: Conflict Resolution as a Peaceful Process perspective talks about mediation, negotiation and ____ Answer: *Arbitration* FBQ3: ------------- is defined to be ‘an explanation of the relationship between elements or variable. Answer: *Theory* FBQ4: ---------------- is any voluntary, non-binding process, even informal, conducted by a neutral third party with the aim of promoting the dispute settlement between the disputing parties. Answer: *Mediation* FBQ5: The --------------- analytical tool is also known as Avocado or Doughnut analyticalTool. Answer: *Onion* FBQ6: The religious based Peace Process which originated within the Jainism, and a reforming sect of Hinduism is known as -------------------------- Answer: *Ahimsa* FBQ7: Satyagraha as a principle of peace which means ‘the pursuit of truth’ is one championed by -------------------  Answer: *Gandhi* FBQ8: ‘’Social conflict as a struggle between opponents over values and claims to scarce status power and resources’’ is a definition according to -------------------------- Answer: *Coser* FBQ9: ----------- is defined as ‘a political condition that ensures justice and social stability through formal and informal institutions, practices and norms’. Answer: *Peace* FBQ10: The Peace process theory which was derived from the works of Bishop Augustino of Hippo after the fall of the Roman Empire is known as ------------- Answer: *Just War* FBQ11: The propagator of ‘’The Field Theory’’ is ____ Answer: *Kurt Lewin* FBQ12: Which form of ADR, is aimed not at dispute settlement but at the transformation of disputant relationship through “empowerment and recognition” Answer: *Transformative Facilitation* FBQ13: --------------------- is the most adopted form of ADR Answer: *Arbitration* FBQ14: ---------------------- can also be defined as “a generic term for a voluntary process in which people in conflict request the assistance of an impartial and neutral third party to make decision for them regarding contested issues” Answer: *Arbitration* FBQ15: ---------------- is a process of formulating proposals of settlement after an investigation of facts and an effort to reconcile opposing contentions, the parties to the dispute being left free to accept or reject the proposals formulated’. Answer: *Conciliation* FBQ16: The traditional court system does not consume so much financial resources compared to ADR, True or False? Answer: *False* FBQ17: ------------------------ is the pro-set idea we have about things Answer: *Assumptions* FBQ18: The person sending the message is called the ------------------------ Answer: *speaker* FBQ19: -------------------------- introduced parliamentary politics into the Northern protectorate of Nigeria Answer: *Sir Arthur Richard* FBQ20: ‘’Conflict is a product of discomfort, disharmony, scarcity of resources and unjust approach to distribution of the scarce commodity’’ True or False Answer: *True* FBQ21: Court adjudication is conflict resolution tool that affords the disputants no opportunity to appoint the third party adjudicator, True or False---------------- Answer: *True* FBQ22: The highest court in Nigeria is the ----------------------------------------. Answer: *Supreme Court* FBQ23: The definition of ethnicity to be “a social phenomenon associated with interactions among members of different ethnic groups” is according to who? Answer: *Nnoli* FBQ24: The act of sending and receiving information and giving feedback is known as ………………. Answer: *Communication* FBQ25: ---------------- is also called The listener in communication Answer: *Decoder* FBQ26: ------------------------ introduced parliamentary politics into the southern protectorate of Nigeria Answer: *Sir Hugh Clifford* FBQ27: Which factor affecting communication presents our subjective understanding of situation or persons? Answer: *Perception* FBQ28: ------------------ divided the south into western and eastern regions Answer: *Sir Benard Bourdillion* FBQ29: The Nigeria coup d’etats that led to the emergence of Gen. Babangida after the overthrow of General Buhari was in the year ------------------- Answer: *1985* FBQ30: Chief Sonekan’s led Interim National Government was overthrow by who? Answer: *General Sani Abacha* FBQ31: The Nigeria coup d’etats led by Major Chukwuma Nzeoga against Alhaji Balewa’s government was in year--------------- Answer: *1966* FBQ32: Richard constitution came into existence in the year -------------------- Answer: *1947* FBQ33: The acronym ‘’SAP’’ means Answer: *Structural Adjustment Program* FBQ34: The controversial design of the Federal Military government to join the Organization of Islamic Conference (OIC) in January which year? Answer: *1986* FBQ35: The outbreak of Maitasine riots in Kano was in which year? Answer: *1980* FBQ36: The traditional worshippers which still Exist till today in the north of Nigeria is called ……………….. Answer: *Magusawa* FBQ37: The acronym ‘’CAN’’ means…………………………. Answer: *Christian Association of Nigeria* FBQ38: The Zango-Kataf crisis was of which year? Answer: *1992* FBQ39: The clash between Christian and Muslim students at Kafanchan in Kaduna State was on the 6th March of which year? Answer: *1987* FBQ40: The biological differences between males and females are defined as ……………………. Answer: *Sex* FBQ41: The Conference held in China in 1995 where women further argued against all forms of discrimination against women is popularly known as the …………………. Conference. Answer: *Beijing* FBQ42: A system of social organization in which descent and inheritance are traced through the female line is known as …………………. Answer: *Matriarchy* FBQ43: President Ellen Johnson was the President of …………………… Answer: *Liberia* FBQ44: The OAU Conflict Management Center has ………………… Units. Answer: *3* FBQ45: The OAU/AU summit which established the Mechanism for Conflict Preventions, Management and Resolution (MCPMR) was held in Cairo in the year ……………………….. Answer: *1993* FBQ46: The Lome Peace Accord was in the year ……………..… Answer: *1999* FBQ47: ‘Justice is a moral virtue which inclines the will constantly and perpetually to render to others, their due in time and place and in a given set of circumstance’. This statement is according to………………….. Answer: *Iwe* FBQ48: The differences between expectations of males and females are known as …………………….. Answer: *Gender* FBQ49: The acronym ‘’ECOWAS’’ means ……………………………. Answer: *Economic Community of West African States* FBQ50: …………………………… is defined by Thomas Aquinas as “the constant and perpetual will to render to everyone what is due him” Answer: *Justice* Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs): MCQ1: The theory which allows the open discussion of conflict without the negative evaluation of the parties involved is known as what? Answer: Integrative Theory MCQ2: How do you describe the perspective which believes that behaviour has the key to understanding meanings and argues that you cannot understand a concept outside of the context? Answer: The Cognitive Perspective MCQ3: The theory which argued that ‘’communication is not just words, but activity that two or more people come together to co- create’’ is known as what? Answer: The Cognitive Perspective MCQ4: All the following except one is not a cause of Conflict in the Society, which one is it? Answer: values MCQ5: Which analytical tool can be explored to show the different forces influencing a conflict situation? Answer: Onion Analytical Tool MCQ6: Who defined conflict as ‘the interaction of interdependent people who perceive incompatible goal and interference from each other in achieving those goals’? Answer: Hocker and Wilmot MCQ7: The Peace process theory which was coined after the fall of the Roman Empire from the works of Bishop Augustino of Hippo is known as? Answer: Just War MCQ8: Conflict Resolution Peaceful Processes consists of the following except which one? Answer: Litigation MCQ9: The English meaning of ‘’Ahimsa’’ is? Answer: Non-violence MCQ10: Who gave the definition of Peace as ‘a political condition that ensures justice and social stability through formal and informal institutions, practices and norms’? Answer: Miller and King MCQ11: Which of the ADR mechanism’s composition should fulfil the odd number requirement? Answer: Conciliation MCQ12: The highest court at the global level is known as -------------------- Answer: International Apex Court MCQ13: International Court of Justice judges serve a term of ----------------- years Answer: Twelve MCQ14: International Court of Justice usually consists of how many judges? Answer: 10 MCQ15: ------------------------- is also the process of encoding messages for sending Answer: Postage MCQ16: Which of the following factors depicts who we are? Answer: Assumptions MCQ17: The definition of ‘’negotiation’’ as a form of decision making in which two or more parties talk with one another in an effort to resolve their opposing interest --- a process by which a joint decision is made by two or more parties” was given by who? Answer: Pruitt MCQ18: All the following except one is not one of the various stages through which negotiation can be facilitated according to Albert, which one is it? Answer: Create at least a minimally positive professional relationship MCQ19: According to International Law Commission, -------------------------is a “procedure for the settlement of dispute between states by a binding award on the basis of law as a result of an undertaking voluntarily accepted Answer: Mediation MCQ20: ---------------------------- is believed to have evolved in its ‘mature judicial process’ basically out of ‘relatively informal administrative and political procedure’ Answer: Litigation MCQ21: Communication is not complete, until there is a ----------------------------- Answer: Feedback MCQ22: The acronym ‘’IMF’’ means -------------------- Answer: Intergovernmental Military Finance MCQ23: The Nigeria coup d’etats led by Muhammadu Buhari against Alhaji Shehu Shagari’s government was in the year Answer: 1985 MCQ24: The acclaimed Nigeria fairest and free election was held in what year? Answer: 1914 MCQ25: Which Political Party was nicknamed “Northern Republican Convention”? Answer: Social Democratic Party MCQ26: Which Political Party was called “Southern Democratic Party”? Answer: National Republican Convention MCQ27: The Nigeria south was divided into western and eastern regions in the year ---------- Answer: 1904 MCQ28: Conflict has ----------consequences Answer: POSITIVE MCQ29: --------------------- is not a factor affecting communication Answer: Perception MCQ30: The definition of ethnic group as “categories of people characterized by culture criteria of symbols including language, value systems and normative behaviour, and whose members are anchored in a particular part of the new state territory” was given by who? Answer: Nnoli MCQ31: Parliamentary politics was introduced into the southern protectorate in which year? Answer: 1922 MCQ32: The United Nations was established in the year ……………… Answer: 1945 MCQ33: ………………………. denies women positions of decision-making and power. Answer: Patriarchy MCQ34: ……………………………. is the global struggle to address the oppression of women and create gender equality Answer: Feminism MCQ35: ‘For a right to be called human, it must be possessed by all human beings, as well as only by human beings…’’ is a statement credited to………………………….. Answer: Oruche MCQ36: The issuance of the Magna Carta in England was in ……………………. Answer: 1215 MCQ37: Rights to Development were proclaimed by the UN General Assembly in December ……………. Answer: 1986 MCQ38: President F. Roosevelt of the United States in the face of the Second World War argued for Human rights protection to promote peace in the world and identified ………….. major freedoms. Answer: 4 MCQ39: Central African Customs and Economic Union of 1981 and the Economic Community of the Great Lake States was merged to established the Economic Country of Central Africa States (ECCAS) in ………………………… Answer: 1983 MCQ40: There exist in the north of Nigeria, not only Islam, but also Christianity and Traditional worship . Justify this assertion. Answer: Correct MCQ41: ‘’Before the spread of Islam into the north, there existed a variety of traditional worship’’. Justify this assertion Answer: Correct MCQ42: In Chad, especially among the Toubou society, the assembly in which conflicts are resolved was called Answer: Cofono MCQ43: In the Beti society located in the capital region of Cameroon, the concept traditional peace settlement is known as ………………. Answer: Adzo MCQ44: The institutions set up to prevent violent conflicts among the Oromo people of East Africa, is known as the “……………………….” system Answer: Gada MCQ45: In most communities of the South of Africa, there existed the concept socialisation known as the …………………… Answer: Ubuntu MCQ46: According to Ball (2003) in the past 50years, nearly ………………………. million people are killed each year as a result of armed conflict. Answer: 1 MCQ47: The Resolution 1325, which deals with women, peace and security was adopted by the UN Security Council on 31st October, …………………………. Answer: 2000 MCQ48: In 1994, there was genocide in Rwanda claiming about ………………….million people Answer: One MCQ49: The institution established for peace and sustainable development known as ‘’the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA)’’ was formed in ……… Answer: 1994 MCQ50: The International Authority on Draught and Desertification (IGADD) made up of Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Sudan and Uganda was established in ……………. Answer: 1986