FBQ1: Genetic diversity refers to the variation of genes within _____ Answer: *Species* FBQ2: The pool of genetic variation present in a(an) ____ population is shaped by selection. Answer: *Interbreeding* FBQ3: Species diversity refers to variety of _____ Answer: *Species* FBQ4: Other factors which are generally believed to influence diversity on land are rainfall patterns and ____ levels. Answer: *Nutrient* FBQ5: In the natural state, ecological processes such as energy flows and water cycles are _____ Answer: *Conserved* FBQ6: The direction of fixed-length transect lines should usually be ____ allocated Answer: *Randomly* FBQ7: To maximise the benefits of stratification, the site should be subdivided in such a way that, it ____ the within-stratum variability in the attribute being measured. Answer: *Minimizes* FBQ8: Multistage sampling is also known as multi-level sampling or ____ Answer: *sub-sampling* FBQ9: In order to determine the optimum number of major and minor units to sample, some ____ of the two variances and of the relative cost of sampling at the two stages in required Answer: *Knowledge* FBQ10: Adaptive sampling involves selecting an initial random or ____ sample Answer: *Systematic* FBQ11: Knowledge of the history of biodiversity is derives from two primary sources. The first is analysis of data from fossil record, and the second is analysis of _____ Answer: *molecular data* FBQ12: Wetlands and forests acts as water purifying systems, while mangroves trap silt, reducing impacts on marine _____ Answer: *Ecosystems* FBQ13: The soil’s nutrient status is replenished by dead or waste matter which is transformed by ______ Answer: *Microorganisms* FBQ14: Wetlands have qualities that ate particularly well suited to breaking down and absorbing _____ Answer: *Pollutants* FBQ15: Australia has 15 of the world’s 16 species of wild ____ Answer: *soya bean* FBQ16: Antibiotics are derived from _____ Answer: *Microorganisms* FBQ17: Prostaglandin E2 which could be important in the treatment of gastric ulcers was originally discovered in the two species of gastric brooding ____ Answer: *Frogs* FBQ18: Biological diversity conservation can be grouped into ecosystem services, biological resources and ___ Answer: *social benefits* FBQ19: Biological diversity conservation can contribute to the conservation of Aboriginal ___ identity Answer: *Cultural* FBQ20: Most extinction over the past several hundred years are mainly due to over-harvesting for food, fashion and ____ Answer: *Profit* FBQ21: The more for bidding, tropical humid forests came under attack mainly in ____ century Answer: *Twentieth* FBQ22: Domino effects occur when the removal of one species or addition of one species affects the entire _____ system Answer: *Biological* FBQ23: Pollution from chemical contaminants certainly poses a further threat to species and ____ Answer: *Ecosystems* FBQ24: Green plants and photosynthesis bacteria need light to manufacture their ____ Answer: *Food* FBQ25: Light intensity and quality affects photosynthesis, flowering and ____ of plants Answer: *Germination* FBQ26: A photographic light meter is used to measure ______ Answer: *light intensity* FBQ27: Temperature variations influence the distribution of organisms more in terrestrial habitats that ____ habitats Answer: *Aquatic* FBQ28: On the surface of the earth, atmospheric pressure varies with _____ Answer: *Altitude* FBQ29: Rainfall occurs due to interchange of water between earth’s surface and the _____ Answer: *Atmosphere* FBQ30: In hydrologic cycle, the two important things are precipitation and _____ Answer: *Evapotranspiration* FBQ31: Different regions of the earth receive different quantity of rain-fall depending upon the geographical features and the availability of moisture landen ____ Answer: *Winds* FBQ32: Humidity is the amount of ____ in the atmosphere Answer: *water vapour* FBQ33: Salinity can be determined by calculating percentage of salts on water or by _____ method. Answer: *acid-base titration* FBQ34: The burning of hydrocarbons and coal due to human activity has led to a massive increase in ____ concentrations Answer: *Greenhouse gas* FBQ35: Diversity in land ecosystems generally ____ with increasing altitude Answer: *Decreases* Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs): MCQ1: Measures of species diversity that simplify information on species richness and relative abundance into a single index are in _____ use Answer: intensive MCQ2: _____ is generally regarded to be the most appropriate to consider the diversity between organisms Answer: evolutionary mechanisms MCQ3: Species per unit area are found more in _____ regions Answer: polar MCQ4: ______ of all fossil species are marine animals Answer: 100% MCQ5: Comparison of molecular data for different organisms enables the generation of branching trees representing hypotheses of their pattern of ____ relatedness Answer: phylogenetic MCQ6: Molecular data suggest that primates diverged from other _____ mammals Answer: evolutionary MCQ7: The accuracy of first appearances estimated from molecular evidence rests on the interpretation of the _______ data Answer: molecular convergence MCQ8: Grevillea “Robyn Gordon” can be used for _____ Answer: prostaglandin E2 MCQ9: Social benefits of biological diversity conservation exclude ______ Answer: Recreation MCQ10: The seeds of pigweed commonly eaten by Aboriginal peoples contain ___ protein Answer: 20% MCQ11: An example of factors affecting the extinction of biodiversity is _____ Answer: Cultural extinction MCQ12: Habitat damage especially the conversion of forested land to agriculture began in china about _____ years ago Answer: 400 MCQ13: The original extent of tropical rain forests was _____square km Answer: 15 million MCQ14: The most important factor in the projected extinction crisis is ____ Answer: Over-hunting MCQ15: A keystone species is one whose influence is ____ great. Answer: proportionately MCQ16: Factors that affect the extension of biodiversity are ____ except Answer: pollution MCQ17: The distribution of species is largely determined by ____ Answer: pollution MCQ18: ____ is not an environmental factor that influences the distribution and abundance of biodiversity Answer: Light MCQ19: Light affects living things in terms of intensity, quality and _____ Answer: quantities MCQ20: Light intensity and quality affect migration, hibernation and ____ of animals Answer: reproduction MCQ21: A seechi disc is use to measure _____ in water Answer: light intensity MCQ22: Hydrologic cycle is ____ Answer: water degeneration MCQ23: A wind vane is used to _____ Answer: measure the speed of wind MCQ24: Salinity refers to ______ Answer: sanctification of water MCQ25: pH is the measure of ______ Answer: physical health of animals MCQ26: The greater the biodiversity, the _____ the biomass Answer: lesser MCQ27: Sustainability of an ecosystem is the _____ Answer: ability of that ecosystem to maintain its structure and function over time MCQ28: In-situ conservation means _______ Answer: the conservation of species in an artificial habitats MCQ29: ______ is not a method of biodiversity conservation. Answer: Wild life sanctuary MCQ30: Conservation of ‘wild nature’ for posterity and as a symbol for national pride is a characteristic of _____ Answer: wildlife sanctuary MCQ31: A natural area reserved by a governmental or private agency for the protection of particular species is referred to as _____ Answer: Wildlife sanctuary MCQ32: Seed banking is a valuable conservation tool that enables the long-term storage of ____ diversity of a large number of plant species Answer: bio MCQ33: Steps in seed banking include: collecting, drying, cleaning, testing viability and ___ Answer: burning MCQ34: Living organisms must develop necessary physiological and _____ adaptations to cope with extremes of temperatures. Answer: behavioural MCQ35: We find evergreen forests in tropical regions due to heavy ____ throughout the year Answer: sunshine