POL231 pol231___ is the study of conflict and cooperation by international actors. *International Relations* In the words of ______________ “international relations is that area of human action where Inescapable interdependence meets with inadequate control”. *Karl Deutsch* The history of the present international system started in _______________ after the peace of Westphalia. *1648* The nature of the international system from the realists’ perspective is called ____ *Anarchical* Some scholars perceived International Relations as generalised picture of the ____ *International Scene* Dale Fuller's ddefinition of analysis of international relations states that it is a body of data systematised by a distinctive analytical method and capable of permitting _______ with exactitude *Predictions* The classical approach is also known as ____________________________ *Traditional approach* Morton Kaplan is an important proponent of the____ *Scientific Approach* The prominent realists include the classical theorists Thomas Hobbes and _______ *Niccolo Machiavelli* The Declarations of the American War of independence of 1776 and French revolution of ________________ *1789* International relations is a broader and wider term that involves ________________ *International Politics* ____ deals with body of customary and conventional rules considered legally binding by civilised states in their intercourse with each other *International law* The present nation-state system emerged in ____. *1648* ____ helps people to understand their place in society, and provides a program for social and political action. *Ideology* In general, political actors are classified into two which include, namely ____ *State and non-state actors* According to Morgenthau, the most stable factor upon which the power of a nation depends is called ____ *Geography* A nation population is a major element of its______ *Population* ____ It is the ability to get what you want through attraction rather than coercion or payments *Soft Power* ____is a sets of governing arrangements that includes networks of rules, norms, and procedures that regularise behaviour and control its effects. *Regime* ____employs threat or limited force to persuade an opponent to call off or undo an encroachment *Coercive diplomacy* ____ of analysis focuses on the actions, behaviour, attitudes, idiosyncrasies or psychology of individual policymakers *Individual level* General System theory was first formulated by Ludwig von Bertalanfy as an explanatory paradigm in ____ *Biology* Systems theory deals with the relationships between ____ *Variables* Game theory was developed by mathematician’s and____ who were particularly concerned with political phenomena. *Economists* A second strategy would be to choose one of the ____routes *Alternative* The issue of strategy is concerned with choices from among alternative actions rather than with _______end states *Alternative* International relations theorist have developed a number of game parameters among which are ____ and the n-person non-zero-sum game *Zero-sum-game* Every game has a full structure of ____ *Information* ____ requires choosing among all the assembled alternative option with the best prospect of achieving the desired goal. *Choice* At the end of the Cold War in____, the international community experienced a lot of optimism *1990* ________________ policy is the system of activities evolved by communities for changing the behaviour of other states and for adjusting their own activities to the international environment *Foreign* The father of the modern theory of sovereignty was the 16th-century French political thinker was called _____________ *Jean Bodin* __________________ is very vital in maintaining peace and stability within the international relations *Balance of power* ______ refer to the general long-term and discontinuing purpose which the state, the nation, and the government all see themselves as serving *National Interest* Primary interests of any country include the preservation of political, physical and _______________ identity of the state *Cultural* Non-aligned movement traces its origins to the ___________ Conference *Bandung* ______massacre between Tutsis and Hutus resulted in the deaths of 800,000 people in April 1994 *Rwanda* In _____ interim Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru announced a policy that eventually metamorphosed into non-alignment *1947* Monrovia is the capital of ___________ *Liberia* Bamako is the capital of _______ *Mali* On 7th August, Yasir Arafat proposed a ______ point peace plan to address the Palestine question *Four* Foreign policy ______ involves studying or measuring the direction and intensity of interaction of nation-states *Analysis* The future of state affairs can simply be referred to as _________ *Foreign policy objectives* Economy as put forward by Hans Morgenthau can be classified as element of state ______ *Power* Long-range goals deal with plans, visions, and _______________ *Dreams* Foreign policy objectives are derived from both ____ and ____ sources *internal and external* ____________________ entailed full participation in free international trade and access to world markets while avoiding foreign conflicts *Commercial Expansion* During the invasion of Kuwait, it took just ______ hours, for all of Kuwait to fall under Iraqi control *12* ______________ is the first country in Africa to gain independence in 1847 *Liberia* Panama is among the countries of the world once invaded by the _______ *United States of America* The most important actors in International Relation are _____ States The nature of the international system from the____ perspective is anarchical Realists’ The perpetual existence of conflict among nations is one of the assumptions of ___ Realist Approach International law is an aspect of international relations that moderates, regulates and ___ the relationships between states in the international system. Controls __________________ is one of the sources of International Law Treaties In playing its role___ provide mechanisms for cross-border interactions, and also shape the values and goals these interactions are pursuing. International Law As a source of power____ is largely a phenomenon of totalitarian states Ideology _________________ is the ability to get what you want through attraction rather than coercion or payments. Soft power Which of the following is not the source of international law __________? Trade mark General principles of ____ serve as a source of international law. Law Which of the following is not approach to the study of International Relaltion __________? Justice approach _____is a policy of keeping out of alliances in general and military pacts in particular. Non-alignment A non-aligned ____ can participate actively in world affairs under certain circumstances. State All are types of national interest except Personal interest ________refer to the relatively constant and long term interests of the state. Permanent interests ________describes national interest as an interest that the states seek to protect or achieve in relation to each other. Dyke According to Morgenthau ______is “an actual state of affairs in which power is distributed among several nations with approximate equality”. Balance of power Modern_______ began in Renaissance Italy. Diplomacy ________ is one of the types of diplomacy. Democratic diplomacy _______ are the representatives of their governments in the international system. Liberalists ________lubricates the international system and can be use to advance the interest of all actors, state and non-state Diplomacy ______offers a theoretical framework to explain the incidence of wars in the international system Power theory Power is the central organising principle of ____causation War In International relation Quincy Wright (1941: 144) describes power as being essentially a ______ Function of state politics The field of international relations concerns the relationships among the various _______of the world. Governments Whether big or small, rich or poor, powerful or weak, every nation depends on other_____ Nations Different scholars view international relations as a mix of conflict and _____in relationships among nations. Cooperation Hedley Bull has divided the various approaches for the study of international policy into two categories which include: Classical approach and scientific approach. The main objective of the scholars adopting _______was to report and analyse current international problems. Traditional approach __________ focussed on the formal structure for the maintenance of peace and enforcement of principles of international law. Institutional approach Scientific approach lays more emphasis on the _____rather than the subject matter. Methods of study Which of the following is not the characteristic of state actors? Violence In Morgenthau's view, the obvious measure of a nation's power is in the________ Military strength Scholars of international relations often disagree over how to classify ________in world politics Non-state actors A_______, according to Waltz, is composed of a structure and interacting units System The ______ has a multiplicity of actors grouped broadly into two categories, namely; states and non-state actors. International system The capacity and capability of state actors can be measured through the following except. Legal justification The rules of interaction in the international system may be explicit or ______ Implicit Systems in the International politics can be hierarchical, unipolar, multipolar or Bipolar The following are indices power except Topography A ______in international politics will squander all other sources of power Defective leadership When nation’s policies are seen as legitimate in the eyes of international communities will definitely enhanced its_______ Soft power ______is a very important concept in the study of international relations by focusing on the techniques and procedures for conducting relations among states Diplomacy In the absence of using force, diplomacy offers the best mechanism for ameliorating conflict in the_____ International system The diplomatic hierarchy consisted of the following representatives except Justice The ambassador who was senior in terms of length of service in a country should be _____in that country. Doyen or dean of the diplomatic corps In international politics ______do not play a role in issues in which states can realise their interests directly through unilateral applications of leverage. Regimes There are only ____ levels of analysis in international politics. 3 The ______specify the physical capability of an actor tocarry out given classes of actions in specified settings Capability variables _______was developed by mathematicians and economists who were particularly concerned with political phenomena Game theory