MCQ1: Peacebuilding consists of a wide range of activities associated with the following except
Answer: Monitoring

MCQ2: Peacebuilding is a long-term process, which occurs after violent conflict has ___________
Answer: Subsided

MCQ3: Peacemaking is thus the process of forging a settlement between the__________parties
Answer: Disputing

MCQ4: The concept of peacekeeping became fully entrenched in the globalpeace processes and institutions in the year________ 
Answer: 1940s

MCQ5: ___________is a third-party intervention
Answer: Peacekeeping

MCQ6: Reconciliation consists of at least four basic properties, which include the following except 
Answer: Ideas

MCQ7: The theatre of war was often far away from _______of settlement in order to protect or prevent assault or attack on the non-belligerents.
Answer: Village

MCQ8: Wars cannot be fought without______________ readiness.
Answer: Pre-war

MCQ9: All the following are the prominent implements or weapons of war except  
Answer: Space

MCQ10: Negotiation took place either on a neutral ground (at the third party’s place) or at the boundary of the warring or disputing ___________
Answer: Communities

MCQ11: In traditional African societies, there was nothing like _____________ cleansing
Answer: Genocide or ethnic

MCQ12: modern day war comprises the combination of all the following except
Answer: Coercion

MCQ13: __________ opines that the degree of inequality in the distribution of resources generates inherent conflicts of interest. 
Answer: Karl Marx

MCQ14: Naval force or sea power comprises the following except
Answer: Rocket

MCQ15: In ________________Africa, conflict prevention management and resolution was the duty of local authorities
Answer: pre-colonial

MCQ16: __________ involves monitoring, observing and recording the trend of change and continuity in the conflict process 
Answer: Conflict Tracking

MCQ17: The great development of international law witnessed between the ________ was a by product of growing interdependence of states
Answer: 18th/19th century

MCQ18: The International Law Commission was established by the United Nation General Assembly in ______________
Answer: 1947

MCQ19: According to Midgley, in ancient Greece, the natural law conception of self-defence was used interchangeably with private ____________ 
Answer: vengeance

MCQ20: As a basic social process, ___________ is the means by which people relate to each other. It is a human process. 
Answer: Communication

MCQ21: _____________is a state of open and declared hostile armed conflict between states or nations, or a period of such conflict.
Answer: War

MCQ22: Which among the following create enemy status and trading with the enemy and internment of enemy subjects? 
Answer: State of war

MCQ23: Conflict also means contradiction arising from differences in ___________________ 
Answer: Interest

MCQ24: A particular theory which has reigned is that international law is nothing but a ____________ 
Answer: code of rules

MCQ25: Conflict is an inevitable _________________ in any interactive situation of human life.
Answer: Phenomenon

MCQ26: Quicy Wright (1990:19) defines conflict as _______________ among social entities directed against one another
Answer: Opposition

MCQ27: ______________theories centre upon man’s innate drives of which the analogies are drawn from animal behaviour
Answer: Biological

MCQ28: __focused on autocratic governments, which were pressumed to wage war against the wishes of peacefully inclined people. 
Answer: Liberal

MCQ29: The __________ Convention relates to the treatment of prisoners-of-war (Geneva, 12 August 1949). 
Answer: Third

MCQ30: International law makes no use of the common law system of________________ 
Answer: stare decisis

MCQ31: A specific group of people with whom we wish to communicate with or pass information about something to
Answer: Audience

MCQ32: Opinio juris sive necessitatis, MEANS
Answer: opinion as to law or necessity

MCQ33: Conflicts over______ needs of individuals are conflict which cannot be seen but affect the psyche of the individual 
Answer: Psychological

MCQ34: Competition may assume__________ dimension when the available resources is not evenly and judiciously distributed.
Answer: Destructive

MCQ35: ___________________ occurs when two or more people are competing for inadequate resources
Answer: conflict

MCQ36: __________________ is a Conflict between two or more individuals over an issue.
Answer: Inter-personal

MCQ37: ____ is use to attack opponents, and “spread disinformation or misinformation” and “rally external and internal support.”
Answer: Media

MCQ38: Treaty is the first major contemporary of source of international ___________
Answer: law

MCQ39: Among the following are inexhaustible things that cause conflicts, except
Answer: Individual

MCQ40: The word ‘______’ covers a multitude of international agreements and contracts between states. 
Answer: Treaty

MCQ41: Hoivik and Meijer (1994) see conflict as ______________behaviour between parties
Answer: Incompatible

MCQ42: The word Conflict is derived from the Latin word “________________” meaning to “strike together”
Answer: confligere

MCQ43: Conflict also means contradiction arising from differences in ___________________ 
Answer: Interest

MCQ44: The following can be seen as necessary for achieving an end in the society or for realization of social goals. 
Answer: conflict

MCQ45: In_________, a disarmed enemy was not to be killed, but to be captured.
Answer: Mali

MCQ46: In the _______________ war making several unsophisticated, less destructive arms and ammunitions were used 
Answer: African traditional

MCQ47: Conflict involving ____ are the most difficult to understand and resolve because people could die for what they believe in 
Answer: Values

MCQ48: International law and laws essentially came into existence either through __________ 
Answer: Treaties

MCQ49: When the _____________________ system in a society is tampered with there is bound to be conflict. 
Answer: Information

MCQ50: conflict is ________________ and it keeps occurring in every individual life, either at home, at work, at social outings
Answer: Inevitable

FBQ1: _______is one of the United Nations cardinal models of peace process.
Answer: Peace building

FBQ2: __________peace-building is a kind of early warning mechanism tomonitor conflict triggers.
Answer: Pre-conflict

FBQ3: _______does not only take care of the triggers, but also addresses the root causes of the conflict.
Answer:   peace building

FBQ4: pre-conflict peace building is a _______process that requires identification of conflict incidences; analysis of conflict structure,
Answer: Proactive

FBQ5: Peacebuilding is an art of _________relationships, institutions and social facilities and putting in place schemes that can help the disputing communities to be united once again
Answer: Repairing

FBQ6: Sustainable _________ is characterized by a notion, which denounces any attempt or action
Answer: Peace

FBQ7: The _______________ is currently the principal agency that is saddled with the responsibility for maintaining peace all over the world. 
Answer: United Nation

FBQ8: ______________consists of a wide range of activities associated withcapacity building, reconciliation, and societal transformation.
Answer: Peace building

FBQ9: Peacemaking is thus the process of forging a settlement between the__________parties.
Answer: Disputing

FBQ10: When was the concept of peacekeeping became fully entrenched and developed globally_________ 
Answer: 1940s

FBQ11: Peacekeeping is a _________intervention
Answer: Third party

FBQ12: Peacekeeping is very essential for conflict __________.
Answer: de-escalation

FBQ13: Post-conflict peacebuilding is more associated with________
Answer: Peacekeeping

FBQ14: Reconciliation creates an avenue for the old combatants and displacedpopulation to express their pains and agony
Answer: Pains

FBQ15: The structural dimension of peacebuilding centers its focus on the social conditions, which promote _____________
Answer:  

FBQ16: The first task of post conflict peace building is to _________ the old combatants.
Answer: Disarm

FBQ17: ___________ is defined as organised mass murder and crimes against humanity characterised by the intention to exterminate individuals because they belong to a particular national, ethnic, racial or religious group. 
Answer: Genocide

FBQ18: ___________look to ancient Greece as the birthplace of Western formal education. 
Answer: Historians

FBQ19: The Athenians believed a___________ should have a liberal education in order to perform his civic duties and for his own personal development. 
Answer: Free man

FBQ20: ____________, like conflict, is an amorphous term 
Answer: Peace

FBQ21: _________asserted that since true knowledge is the same in every place at every time, education, like truth, should be unchanging. 
Answer: Plato

FBQ22: ______________ involves opposition to war or violence as a means of settling disputes or gaining political, social or cultural advantage. 
Answer: Pacificism

FBQ23: Which Words signify peace in”, the Arabic word “, 
Answer: Salaam

FBQ24: ____________________ is often described as a series of “teaching encounters” that draw from people their desire for peace 
Answer: Peace Education

FBQ25: Traditional distinctions in peace education are couched in terms of negative and ________ peace
Answer: Positive

FBQ26: _______________entails the collection of arms and ammunition 
Answer: Disarmament

FBQ27: __________________ is the process that separates combatants from military service or armed troops 
Answer: Demobilization

FBQ28: The _________________century was a hundred years that is marked by extreme forms of violence.
Answer: 20th

FBQ29: _____________ peacebuilding has to do with activities that lead to the creation of structures, systems of behavior and institutions
Answer: Structural

FBQ30: _________________ diplomacy seeks to resolve disputes before violence breaks out
Answer: Preventive

FBQ31: ________________ is a way of life that is deeply rooted in spiritual tradition that could be active or passive. 
Answer: Non-violence

FBQ32: For many Africans, ______________ has a strong religious significance 
Answer: Ubuntu

FBQ33: The central concept of _____________ philosophy is satyagraha, which means “following the Truth in a non-violent way 
Answer: Gandhis  

FBQ34: _______occurs where individuals or groups subjectively see themselves as unfairly disadvantaged over others
Answer: Relative deprivation

FBQ35: A group of wandering teachers who were known as ‘Sophists’, began to teach in ___________ 
Answer: Athens

FBQ36: Historians look to ancient ____________ as the birthplace of Western formal education 
Answer: Greece

FBQ37: In 2008, Africa hosted 78,________________ peace operation personnel. 
Answer: 975

FBQ38: Peace’ is a necessary condition for the emergence or attainment of ‘’ in any modern society. True or False 
Answer: True

FBQ39: Peacemaking and peace-keeping are required to halt conflicts and preserve peace once it is attained. True or False 
Answer: True

FBQ40: ______________ peacemaking practices usually involve some form of direct or indirect compensation for victims
Answer: Traditional

FBQ41: _____________telling is an integral part of local dispute resolution practices in many African countries.
Answer: Truth

FBQ42: After the end of violent conflicts, local reconciliation activities are often focused on the return of _____and their resettlement. 
Answer: Ex-combatants

FBQ43: __________not only protects, but also empowers people and societies as a means of security. 
Answer: Human security

FBQ44: Peacebuilding is not a process that assists societies to establish durable peace and prevent the recurrence of violence. True or False? 
Answer: False

FBQ45: ___________ based peacebuilding assumes that people and culture are the best resources for building and sustaining peace. 
Answer: Community

FBQ46: _____ position is that the innate conflicts between men and later between states make humanity to seek peace and federation
Answer: Kant’s

FBQ47: _______________entails the collection of arms and ammunition
Answer: Disarmament

FBQ48: Czech education reformer Jan Komensky created a new educational philosophy called ____________ means (universal knowledge) 
Answer: Pansophisism

FBQ49: During the Cold War, ________ claimed they were trying to secure the peace in the world by stockpiling sophisticated weapons 
Answer: Big powers

FBQ50: ___________ who was a student of Plato also concluded that educated people who used reason to make decisions would lead a life of moderation which will make them to avoid dangerous and extreme decisions.
Answer: Aristotle