FBQ1: Inhibitor of H2 receptors is ____________. Answer: Cimetidine FBQ2: Blocking hydrogen ion – potassium ion ATPase is by _______________ Answer: Omeprazole FBQ3: Bile is secreted by the ________________ cells or lobules. Answer: Liver FBQ4: Bile is stored in the ________________________. Answer: Gallbladder FBQ5: Bile secretion occurs when _______________ enters the duodenum. Answer: Chyme FBQ6: Bile salts are formed from ________________. Answer: Cholesterol FBQ7: The breakdown of ___________________ gives rise to bilirubin and biliverdin. Answer: Haemoglobin FBQ8: The golden ______________ colour of the bile is due to the presence of the pigment. Answer: Yellow FBQ9: ______________ is the chief phospholipids present in the bile. Answer: Lecithin FBQ10: Cholesterol in bile is solubilized in ____________________. Answer: Micelles FBQ11: The presence of bile _____________ keeps cholesterol in solution and prevents its precipitation to form stones. Answer: Salt FBQ12: The bile produces __________________ of fat by which, large molecules are broken down into smaller ones. Answer: Emulsification FBQ13: Bile show ____________ effects i.e. enables lipase enzyme to digest the fat. Answer: Hydrotropic FBQ14: The _____________ consist of digested glycerides combined with bile. Answer: Micelles FBQ15: Any condition that affects enterohepatic circulation and decrease bile pool and causes mal absorption of bile and fat soluble vitamins may result in ___________________. Answer: Steatorrhea FBQ16: At the base of the villi are glands called ______________ which contains cells that secrete mucus. Answer: Crypts of Lieberkuhn FBQ17: The process by which food brought into the mouth is broken down into smaller pieces by the teeth is called ___________________. Answer: Mastication FBQ18: The first stage of deglutition is _____________. Answer: Voluntary FBQ19: The 2nd and 3rd stages are _______________ and reflex in nature. Answer: Involuntary FBQ20: Difficulty in swallowing is called ________________. Answer: Dysphagia FBQ21: Difficulty in emptying the food from the esophagus to stomach due to absence of peristalsis in the lower 3rd or failure of cardiac sphincter to relax is called _______________. Answer: Achalasia FBQ22: The gastric secretion has ----- factor which is necessary for absorption of vitamin B12 Answer: Intrinsic FBQ23: Gastrin is produced by ________ -cells of the pyloric antral mucosa. Answer: G FBQ24: The most common fat of the diet are the neutral fat known as __________________. Answer: Triglyceride FBQ25: The triglycerides aggregate into globules along with absorbed cholesterol and phospholipids globules to form ________________. Answer: Chylomicrons FBQ26: The transport of oxygen from the outside air to the cells within tissues, and the transport of carbon dioxide from the cells to the outside air is the first ----- of respiration Answer: Component FBQ27: The utilization of oxygen within the body cells for the liberation of energy from food substances is known as--------- Answer: external respiration FBQ28: The utilization of oxygen within the body cells for the liberation of energy from food substances Answer: internal respiration FBQ29: The respiratory system functions in close collaboration with the ----------which acts as the transport system that conveys oxygen from the respiratory apparatus to the tissues Answer: circulatory system FBQ30: The respiratory system is thus an --------, while the cardiovascular system is a blood pump. Answer: air pump FBQ31: ----------- from tissues of the body is returned to the right atrium of the heart. Answer: Venous blood FBQ32: The right ventricle pumps the blood out of the heart through the ----------. Answer: pulmonary artery. FBQ33: The pulmonary arterial trunk divides into the right and left ……….. arteries and these supply blood to the right and left lungs respectively. Answer: Pulmonary FBQ34: Blood is pumped out of the right ventricle at a pressure of ----- mmHg Answer: 25 FBQ35: By the time blood reaches the pulmonary capillaries, the pressure has fallen to an average of -----------------mmHg. Answer: 10 FBQ36: Since the plasma oncotic pressure is--------------------mmHg, no fluid moves out of the pulmonary capillaries into the interstitial space. Answer: 25 FBQ37: If fluid moves out of the arterial end of the pulmonary capillaries as it does in the systemic circulation, then, the small diameter air sacs (alveoli) can become _______ with tissue fluid Answer: Flooded FBQ38: The blood pumped into the pulmonary circulation at rest is------------L/min, Answer: 5 FBQ39: Blood from the ----------------is returned to the left atrium of the heart through the pulmonary vein. Answer: pulmonary capillaries FBQ40: About 2% of the blood flow to the lungs is through the ---------------and veins. Answer: bronchial arteries FBQ41: The left bronchial artery arises directly from the ------------ Answer: Aorta FBQ42: The right bronchial artery arises from the first right ------------. Answer: intercostal artery FBQ43: The bronchial arteries run along the bronchi and follow them into the……... Answer: Lung FBQ44: The bronchial veins, which carry deoxygenated blood join the pulmonary vein so that the latter which was 100% saturated with oxygen in the ------------ Answer: Lungs FBQ45: The oxygen in the blood that is delivered to the left atrium is about…………..% Answer: 97 FBQ46: The mixing of deoxygenated bronchial venous blood with oxygenated pulmonary venous blood is called ------------ shunting. Answer: Physiological FBQ47: The main muscles of inspiration are the ------------- and the external intercostal muscles. Answer: Diaphragm FBQ48: The ------------ muscles of inspiration are sternocleido-mastoids, scalenes, serratus anterior, levator scapulae, erectus spinae and pectoralis major and minor. Answer: Accessory FBQ49: Expiration is normally a passive process under ----- Answer: quiet breathing FBQ50: There are two types of intercostal muscles in each of the eleven ------ spaces Answer: intercostal MCQ1: Gastric _____________ is a weak fat-splitting enzyme. Answer: Lipase MCQ2: Intrinsic factor is secreted by the _____________ cell of the fundus. Answer: Parietal MCQ3: The absorption of vitamin B12 occurs in the _________________. Answer: Terminal ileum MCQ4: Mucus is secreted by surface _____________ cell and neck cell of the gland. Answer: Epithelial MCQ5: The surface ___________ cell also secretes bicarbonates. Answer: Parietal MCQ6: This gel protects the mucosa from the action of the ____________. Answer: Hydrochloric acid MCQ7: Neural regulation of gastric juice secretion is mediated via the _____________ nerve. Answer: Vagus MCQ8: The intracellular _______________ promotes the secretion of gastric juice. Answer: Ca 2+ MCQ9: Hormonal regulation is by _____________ which is secreted from the pyloric antrum. Answer: Gastrin MCQ10: The ______________ phase of gastric juice secretion occurs by activity of the vagus. Answer: Cephalic MCQ11: Shaming-feeding experiments in animals like dog gives an example of ____________ phase of gastric juice secretion. Answer: Cephalic MCQ12: The _______________ phase accounts for about 80% of the total secretion of gastric juice. Answer: Gastric MCQ13: Distension of the pyloric antrum also results in the release of gastrin into the blood by an ______________ reflex. Answer: All of the options MCQ14: Some substances in the food, known as _________________, elicit release of gastrin by the intrinsic reflex. Answer: Enterogastrones MCQ15: The presence of food in the duodenum inhibits secretion of gastric juice mediated through _________________ reflex. Answer: Enterogastric MCQ16: The presence of acid and fat in the duodenum causes release of secretin and ______________. Answer: Cholecystokinin MCQ17: VIP, GIP are ______________ that cause inhibition of gastric secretion. Answer: Enterogastrones MCQ18: The digestive enzymes are secreted from ____________ pancreas. Answer: Exocrine MCQ19: The ______________ pancreas consists of acini and ducts. Answer: Exocrine MCQ20: Cholesterol gallstones are ________________. Answer: Radiolucent MCQ21: _______________ stones are formed due to infection or obstruction of the biliary tree. Answer: Pigment MCQ22: Pigment stones are ___________________. Answer: Radiopaque MCQ23: The small intestine consists of all except _____________________. Answer: Ilium MCQ24: The small intestinal secretion is mainly ______________. Answer: All of the options MCQ25: The intestinal gland of the duodenum are called ____________ gland. Answer: Brunner’s MCQ26: The ------ is the dome-shaped musculo-tendinous partition between the thorax and abdomen, forming the roof of the abdomen and the floor of the thorax. Answer: diaphragm MCQ27: The ------------ form a cone shaped structure, called the thoracic cavity Answer: diaphragm MCQ28: The distance from the thoracic inlet to the --------------- is the vertical diameter of the thorax. Answer: diaphragm MCQ29: When the ------------- contracts, it moves down, thereby increasing the vertical diameter of the thoracic cavity. Answer: diaphragm MCQ30: Upon inhalation, gas exchange occurs at the --------------- Answer: alveoli MCQ31: These are tiny sacs which are the basic functional component of the lungs. Answer: alveoli MCQ32: These --------- are composed of a single layer of epithelial cells Answer: alveolar walls MCQ33: The _____________which are composed of a single layer of endothelial cells. Answer: pulmonary capillaries MCQ34: This whole mechanism of gas exchange is carried by the simple phenomenon of-----------------. Answer: pressure difference MCQ35: Whenever the atmospheric pressure is lower than the pressure inside the lungs, the air from lungs----------, Answer: Flow out MCQ36: When the pressure in the lungs is lower than atmospheric, air -------------- the lungs. Answer: Flows into MCQ37: To accomplish gas exchange the air that is inhale is delivered, via the mouth and nose, to --------------, which are the terminal or end units of the airways. Answer: alveoli MCQ38: Oxygen transport consists of important steps excepts------- Answer: increase in 2,3 diphosphoglycerate (2,3 DPG) MCQ39: During the transportation of oxygen, In the alveoli, the PO2 is Answer: 40mmHg MCQ40: During the transportation of oxygen, PO2 in pulmonary arterial capillaries is ------- Answer: 40mmHg MCQ41: This represents --------- Answer: Movement of gases at tissue level MCQ42: This is-------------------------- Answer: Partial pressures of gases in blood MCQ43: This explains ------------------------ Answer: Movement of gases at alveolar level MCQ44: The changes in the chemical composition of blood are detected by --------- Answer: chemoreceptors MCQ45: When expiration has occurred, the inhibitory impulses from the lungs on the ------------ are removed. Answer: apneustic centre MCQ46: Facilitatory impulses pass from the …………….. to the pneumotaxic centre, causing its stimulation Answer: inspiratory centre MCQ47: Expansion of the lungs following inspiration causes the -------------- in the lungs to be stimulated Answer: stretch receptors MCQ48: The carotid bodies have a very high blood flow, about --------- of tissue per minute. Answer: 2000 ml/100g MCQ49: When human beings descend beneath the sea, the pressure around them increases tremendously. For every 10 meters of depth in sea-water, pressure on the diver increases by ------------- Answer: 1 atmosphere. MCQ50: Usually, cyanosis becomes noticeable when the arterial blood contains ------------ or more of deoxygenated haemoglobin per 100ml (dl) of blood. Answer: 5g