FBQ1: A group of people who share a common culture are called______
Answer: *Ethnic group*

FBQ2: A situation of competition in which the parties are in pursuit of incompatible goal is referred to as ______
Answer: *Conflict*

FBQ3: The Chinese define conflict as the situation of danger plus ______ 
Answer: *Opportunity*

FBQ4: Those who emphasises on characteristics such as myths of common origin,  religion and language in their approach to the study of ethnicity are called ______
Answer: *Primodialists*

FBQ5: The book Communist Manifesto was published in what year?
Answer: *1848*

FBQ6: Religion can either be a burden or ______for any human society
Answer: *Blessing*

FBQ7: ________ conflict occur between adherents of the same religion
Answer: *Intra-religious*

FBQ8: The hydrosphere, lithosphere, biosphere and ____are the four major sub-division of the earth
Answer: *Atmosphere*

FBQ9: conflict theories include analytic, normative, scientific, and ______
Answer: *Metaphysical*

FBQ10: ________theories have universal applications
Answer: *Scientific*

FBQ11: The Tuaregs are an ethnic group found in which country?
Answer: *Niger*

FBQ12: the death toll in a war is expected to be more than ____ figure
Answer: *999*

FBQ13: Despite their peculiarities, issues of _______ is common to post-conflict and post-disaster states
Answer: *human security*

FBQ14: Choba, Ogoniland, Odi, Ilaje, and Zaki-Biam are post – conflict communities rendered desolate by ________ conflict handling style.
Answer: *Militaristic*

FBQ15: One way Third Party Decision-making handle conflict is through the _____
Answer: *Judiciary*

FBQ16: Negotiation and mediation are examples of what style of handling conflict?
Answer: *Joint Problem solving*

FBQ17: Herbert Kelman and ______develop the Analytical Problem Solving approach to handling conflicts
Answer: *John Burton*

FBQ18: ______ is what happens when parties in conflict make concessions
Answer: *Compromise*

FBQ19: _______ approach to handling conflict   makes a distinction between the core conflicts and the conflicts overlay
Answer: *Constructive confrontation*

FBQ20: ________ are those who provide logistical and inspirational support for parties in conflict 
Answer: *shadow parties*

FBQ21: _______are defined as basic beliefs that are non – negotiable
Answer: *Values*

FBQ22: the Onion analytical tool is made up three parts namely, Position, Interest and_____ 
Answer: *Needs*

FBQ23: In conflict mapping tool of analysis, the Zig-zag lines like lightning indicate _______ 
Answer: *Discord*

FBQ24: In conflict mapping tool of analysis, the double connecting lines indicate an______ 
Answer: *Alliance*

FBQ25: What is the name of the former Secretary General of the United Nations who defined peacebuilding as actions that solidify peace and avoid relapse into conflict?
Answer: *Boutros-Boutros Ghali*

FBQ26: During peace – keeping operations troops are lightly armed, true or false?
Answer: *True*

FBQ27: ________ and the exclusivist are two divergent schools of thought on peacebuilding and development
Answer: *Inclusivist*

FBQ28: The _____ argue that peace building aids peacekeeping, peace-making and peace enforcement and should be part of activities of preventive diplomacy
Answer: *Synergist*

FBQ29: The ____ argue that peacebuilding should be the last step after a political settlement
Answer: *Gradualists*

FBQ30: The  ______ and gradualists argue that peacebuilding should strictly be a civilian affair
Answer: *Exclusivist*

FBQ31:  the synergists and the ______ posit that in dangerous situations, the military can also participate in peacebuilding activities
Answer: *Inclusivist*

FBQ32: ______ is a multi – sectoral approach to conflict transformation
Answer: *Multi- track diplomacy*

FBQ33: Track ONE in the multi-track diplomacy is what?
Answer: *Government*

FBQ34: Frustration– Aggression hypothesis was developed by _____
Answer: *John Dolland*

FBQ35: violence  directed at and resulting in large number of death within a specific group of people  is known as _______
Answer: *Genocide*

FBQ36: Two popular notions of human security are freedom from fear and freedom from ____
Answer: *Want*

FBQ37: Conflict transformation involves the transformation of issues, actor, rules and_____ 
Answer: *Structures*

FBQ38: Who is associated with the quote; “there is no way to peace; peace is the way; to be taken, now”
Answer: *Gandhi*

FBQ39: One of the chief proponents of conflict transformation is _____
Answer: *John Lederach*

FBQ40: repression of freedom, particularly political freedom, and economic exploitation are examples of ____
Answer: *structural violence*

FBQ41:  ______ transformation happens when man, the chief agent in conflict is empowered to transcend and reduce differences in the midst of the conflict
Answer: *Actor*

FBQ42: _______is when the exploited or repressed are empowered to depend less on exploitative structure
Answer: *Decoupling*

FBQ43: The proponents of transformational mediation include Folger and ________
Answer: *Bush*

FBQ44: The shift from state-centred to people centred approach to security is known as _____
Answer: *Human security*

FBQ45: Multi-Track – Diplomacy is made up of how many tracks?
Answer: *9*

FBQ46: United Nations Organisation introduced peacekeeping as a style of handling conflict after the second world war. True or false
Answer: *True*

FBQ47: ABC triangle as a tool for analysing conflict stand for, Attitude, Behaviour and____
Answer: *Context*

FBQ48: The Oslo Accord was signed between Israel and _____
Answer: *Palestine*

FBQ49: Post-conflict communities refers to communities in the aftermath of ________
Answer: *Conflicts*

FBQ50: Niger-Delta conflict in Nigeria is an example of________ Conflict
Answer: *Environmental*

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs): 
MCQ: The word Confligere which is translated as Conflict is from which language?
Answer: French

MCQ2: ____ defined conflict as a situation of competition in which the parties are in pursuit of incompatible 
Answer: Schmid

MCQ3: Conflict transformation is essentially about turning conflicts into basis for future ______among social entities
Answer: Domination

MCQ4: _____ people define conflict as ‘danger’ plus opportunity
Answer: African

MCQ5: Some Nigerians view ethnic plurality or diversity as a burden rather than _________
Answer: Asset

MCQ6: ______ contend that there is no viable alternative to creative conflict transformation
Answer: Lund

MCQ7: The word ethnic is derived from the Greek word “ethnos” meaning a group of people who share the same ______
Answer: Culture

MCQ8: Clifford Geertz and_____ are the pioneers of the primordialist approach to the study of ethnicity 
Answer: Ernest Herbst 

MCQ9: the Communist Manifesto released in 1848 is associated with _____
Answer: Karl Marx 

MCQ10:  When conflict are engineered to achieve political ends, it is synonymous with the______ view
Answer: Primodialists

MCQ11: According to Marx, “the history of all hitherto existing societies is the history of______”
Answer: Ethnic struggle

MCQ12: that struggles between ethnic groups constitute 70% of conflict since the end of the cold war according to _____
Answer: Minorities at Risk Project

MCQ13: Otite  assert that over 90% of the world’s independent countries are_____ states
Answer: singular

MCQ14: the primary parties in class conflicts in Nigeria are usually the______
Answer: students

MCQ15: conflicts between adherents of the same religion is referred to as_____ conflict
Answer: Inter-religious

MCQ16: ____ is what define citizenship in Nigeria
Answer: Indigeneity

MCQ17:   The four major sub-divisions of the earth comprise of the atmosphere, the hydrosphere, the lithosphere and the ______
Answer: biosphere

MCQ18: The conflict in the Niger-Delta of Nigeria is a classic example of ________
Answer: Class conflict

MCQ19: which type of resource scarcity is caused by the depletion and degradation of resources
Answer: demand-induced

MCQ20: the four types of conflict theories include analytic, normative, scientific, and ______
Answer: empirical

MCQ21: types of resource scarcity that can generate environmental conflict include the following except_____
Answer: artificially-induced scarcity

MCQ22: _____ theories have universal applications; they are verifiable, observable and predictable
Answer: normative theories

MCQ23: Another word for zero-sum game is _______
Answer: win-lose game

MCQ24: radical structuralists theorist include the following scholars except______
Answer: Marx

MCQ25: ______ believes the aggressive pursuit of national interest among states inevitably leads to conflicts
Answer: realists

MCQ26: For a conflict to qualify as war, the death toll  is expected to be more than_____
Answer: 999

MCQ27: Conflicts that occur due to differences in ideology, religion and general worldview are known as________
Answer: Personality based conflicts

MCQ28: types of conflict handling styles include the following except____
Answer: Joint problem solving

MCQ29: At the international level examples of post – conflict countries include __ and ___
Answer: Iraq & Sweden

MCQ30: The Oslo Accord was signed between_______ and _______
Answer: Israel & Palestine

MCQ31: What type of conflict handling style is on display when parties in conflict make concessions
Answer: Dialogue

MCQ32:  conflict analysis techniques include the following options except____
Answer: XYZ Square

MCQ33: In the Conflict Tree analytical tool, the Origin/cause of a crisis is represented by which part of the tree
Answer: Trunk

MCQ34: Peace – keeping as an approach of handling conflict was initiated by
Answer: United Nations/ UNO

MCQ35: The philosophy behind peace-keeping operations requires that troops are________
Answer: Heavily armed

MCQ36:  countries where third generation peacekeeping has taken place include ___ and ___
Answer: Nigeria & Ghana

MCQ37: Multi-Track – Diplomacy is made up of how many tracks? 
Answer: 9

MCQ38: Track five in the multi-track diplomacy is _____
Answer: Private citizen

MCQ39: when violence is directed against a specific set of people it is known as
Answer: Homicide

MCQ40: countries where rule transformation have been deployed to transform conflict include the following except ______
Answer: Togo

MCQ41: Which ethnic group in Nigeria believes there can be no violation of rules or norms where none hitherto existed?
Answer: Ijaw

MCQ42: while hard power depend on coercion, soft power depend on the following except______
Answer: Culture

MCQ43: The following serve as guide for intervenor or researcher in a conflict except ______
Answer: History of Conflict

MCQ44: _______ argued that the presence of many religions is not the cause religious conflict
Answer: Bishop Akinola

MCQ45:  _____ argues against the generalisation of conflicts in Africa as “mindless violence” and “senseless wars”
Answer: Francis

MCQ46: The fundamental causes of indigene – settler conflict is the contest for _____
Answer: Resources

MCQ47: The assumption that democratic states hardly go to war against one another is known as the dividend of  _____
Answer: European peace

MCQ48: The Tuaregs are an ethnic group found in which country? 
Answer: Niger

MCQ49: Post – conflict communities refer to communities in the aftermath of ________
Answer: conflicts or wars

MCQ50: A post-conflict state will be in need of reconciliation and rehabilitation, a post-disaster state will be in dire need of ________ and ________
Answer: Relief and reconstruction