CSS136 Aside from the deterrence, Beccaria recommended ____ other ways of controlling crime 4 One of the following is not an unofficial source of crime statistics Magazine An official source of crime statistics is ___________ Prison record Crime statistics can be used for all of the following except ____________ Source material for execution of criminals The assertion that criminality is a product of atavism was put forward by _______` Lombrosso Somatotypology was put forward by __________ Sheldon The mesomorph according to Sheldon is all of the below except ________ Social loving In the body types of Sheldon, _____________ has the highest population of individuals that are predispose to criminality Mesomorph The statement “everyone has the elements of the three body types but only one type predominates” can be associated with Sheldon The Y chromosome is known for a particular quality called _______ aggression The possession of extra Y chromosome aside for the normal gender combination can be associated with? criminality The highest proportion of people with extra Y chromosome were found in the __________ and mental institutions in the 1960s Prisons The feeble minded or intelligence theory asserted that criminality is a product of ___________ Low intelligence quotient MA/CA * 100 is a scale that was designed to measure _________ Intelligence quotient Idiot, __________ and __________ are the 3 categories of people with low IQs Imbecile and Moron Vegetable is another word for ____________ in the intelligence theory Idiot Id, Ego and __________ are the 3 elements in the psycho analytic theory of Sigmund Freud Super Ego ______ represents our original abilities Id ___________ develops as a result of the integration of societal values Super Ego Edwin Sutherland propounded the ____________ theory Differential association The ________ theory of _________ can also be called the structural strain theory Anomie, Merton The___________ are considered as “drop outs” in the society Retreatist The _______________ circumvents the means in order to achieve the socially acceptable success Innovationist __________ is not one of the modes of adaptation postulated by Merton Socialist _________ basic principles were postulated by Edwin Sutherland in the differential association theory Nine _____________ theory is a socio psychological explanation of how normative conflict presents the opportunities for individuals to commit crime. Differential association “Offenders frequently respect and admire honest and law abiding people” is one of the assumptions of __________ theory Social drift and neutralisation “condemnation of condemners” is a ___________ Neutralisation technique According to Travis Hirschi, there are ______ elements of bonding 4 ____________ as an element is associated with playing of conventional roles or duties. attachment Social Bond theory was postulated by Travis Hirschi in ___________ 1969 Social disorganisation theories belong to the ___________ school of thought. chicago The ecological theories are theories of ___________ place Social disorganisation theory is also called ________ theories Ecological Concentric zone theory of crime was propounded by ____________ Ernest Burgess __________ identified the primary and secondary deviants in the labelling theory. Lemert In the labelling theory, criminals are called ________ Inmates _______________ is not a conflict theorist of crime. Becker ___________, Criminal and Violent gangs are the 3 types of gangs postulated in subcultural theory. Innovationist Social Reality of Crime as a theory was propounded by ____________ Quinney In crime, ____________ is one of the factors working against male criminals. Gender Violent crime is sometimes facilitated by consumption of ________ Water One of the following is not a cause of violent crime Advertisement In certain locations, experience of war and loss of the lives of precious ones, can make one to be ______________ Violent All of the following are violent crimes except __________ Pilfering One of the following types of rape is an issue in the African context Marital rape A 45-year-old man was caught having sex with a girl of 15 years. He and the girl claimed to be lovers but he was still apprehended for rape. This is because this type of rape is called _________ Statutory rape Homicide without malice is called __________ Man slaughter ____________ is an example of power-related violent crime Assassination One of the following is an example of terrorist groups in the world Al Qaeda Crime is from the Latin word _______________ which means accusation or fault. *Crimen* Sociologically, crime is linked to _______________________ *Deviance* The content of crime is determined by ____________ *Culture* ____________ considered crime as normal in all societies *Durkheim* ___________ asserted that crime is beyond the law *Sellin* Actus reus is the __________ component of crime *Physical* __________ is the psychological component of crime *Mens rea* Intention, knowing, recklessness and _____________ are various forms of mens rea *Negligence* _____________ refers to the concurrence of mens rea and actus rea *Causation* There are ______ principles which influence the development of the Criminal law. *Three* Crime experts identified varieties of social, economic, personal, and _________ factors that can influence the trends of crime rate *demographic* The essence of stable crime rate patterns is to gain insight into the nature of ______________________ *Crime* Highest rate of crime is reported in __________ Season *Summer* Crime is most likely to occur on the _____ day than any other day of the month *First* Large urban areas have higher rate of crime. True or false __________________ *True* The percentage of firearms involvement in crime is highest in ____________ *Robbery* In class situation, people living in poverty engage in disproportionate amount of ___________ crimes *Expressive* ____________ crimes are perpetrated to facilitate the achievement of certain goals in economic situation *Instrumental* Rape is an example of _____________ crime *Expressive* According to Hirschi and Gottfredson, ______ is everywhere correlated with crime *age* ____________ is any initiative that reduces or eliminates the aggregate level of victimisation in the society *Crime prevention policy* Crime prevention policy considers places and _______ in the bid to control crime. *People* _________ prevention of crime addresses individual and family level factors which correlates with later crime involvement *Primary* Consistent parenting skill is an example of _________ level factor that can affect later involvement in crime *Family* Secondary prevention uses techniques that focus on _______ situations. *Risk* Dropping out of school is a __________ factor of crime involvement. *Secondary* …………….. through social development involves long term, integrated actions that deal with root causes of crime. *Crime prevention* Managing child abuse is an example of …………… through social development (CSPD) *Crime prevention* Public education and healthcare are examples of __________ level of crime prevention *Primary* Secondary level of crime prevention refers to programmes that target those at higher _______ of involvement in crime *Risk* Rehabilitation and ___________ programmes are tertiary level of crime prevention *Supervision* Crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) is about _____ and things that can either be targets of crime activities or location of crime. *places* Situational crime prevention programmes look for _________ specific to situations. *Solutions* Increasing the risk if being caught is a tactic associated with ________________ *Situational Crime Prevention* According to Ronald Clarke and Ross Homel, crime control strategies fall into ______ categories. *Five* Situational crime prevention strategy was first popularised in the US in the early ______ by Oscar Newman *1970s* The term _____________ was coined by Oscar Newman *Defensive space* Crime is a product of __________ *Opportunity* Opportunity theory of crime by Cohen and Felson (1979) asserted that there are ________ conditions for crime to occur *Three* Preventive measures adopted by the police to forestall the opportunity for committing crime is called _____________________ *Police preventive methods* Surveillance of building and suspected criminals are examples of ___________ *Police preventive methods* According to Soyombo (1999), crime statistics can be from formal and __________ source *informal* According to Soyombo (1999), .................... can be from formal and informal source *crime statistics* Atavistic stigmata can mean _____________ in crime *savagery* Number of crimes not officially reported characterise ___________ *Dark figure* A 13 year old boy that is apprehended for smoking in public has committed ________ offence *status* ________________ is the ratio of the number of offenders to the actual population *Prevalence of crime* The ratio of offenses to offenders is called ____________ *Incidence of crime* Cesare Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham were considered the most influential classical thinkers in criminology. True or false _________________________________ *True* Cesare Beccaria coined _____ types of deterrence *2*