MCQ1: In comparative analysis, ____ is used to interrogate whether or not the measurements used in a given research are properly operationalized Answer: Internal validity MCQ2: As an approach to the study of politics, the scientific approach introduced two major elements; and this are, emphasis on ____, and on the individual as the central unit of political analysis Answer: Scientific method MCQ3: David Easton insists that post behavioralism should be backed by ____ and ____ Answer: Action and Relevance MCQ4: Comparative politics relies on the method of ___, and method of “agreement’’ Answer: Difference MCQ5: The two main comparative approaches for choosing cases are: ____, and most different systems (MDS) Answer: Most Similar System (MSS) MCQ6: The discipline of comparative politics has undergone three key changes, and this includes; ____, object of inquiry, method of deploying data Answer: Empirical findings MCQ7: The simultaneous study of a large number of nation-states in comparative studies is referred to as -------------- Answer: The cross-national approach MCQ8: One of the goals of the exploratory research method is to prove that ____ Answer: Further investigation is necessary MCQ9: A key feature of the Quantitative research method, is that data gathered are analyzed ______ Answer: Numerically MCQ10: In the field of comparative politics, the term politics have three meanings, and this includes; politics as a political activity, ____, and a political process Answer: Political power MCQ11: Systems theory is of great relevance in political Analysis because it does not only, ____, but also encourages the evaluation of the various patterns and levels of relationship amongst different units Answer: Identify the component units in a system MCQ12: The three primary components of every political system include the ____ ; the regime; and the authorities Answer: Political community MCQ13: The Input – Output model of David Easton explains the behaviour of ____ as well as the environment in a particular system Answer: Political System MCQ14: In Duverger’s law, an electoral system based on ____, tend to produce two parties Answer: Single member district MCQ15: In its developmental phases, the ____ period marked the rebirth of comparative politics Answer: Renaissance MCQ16: The system theory resonated as a result of the movement to unite ____, and scientific analysis Answer: Science MCQ17: Considered as one of the sub disciplines of Political Science, the goal of comparative politics is to understand, and ____ the nature of political power and interactions among nations Answer: Explain MCQ18: Though it originated among the Anthropologists and Sociologists, ____ adopted the concept of structural functionalism in political Analysis Answer: Gabriel Almond MCQ19: More often referred to as the “master strategy”, the comparative approach is used in ____ about a specific case study Answer: Drawing inferences MCQ20: In political inquiry, ____ rely on the use of observation and measurement Answer: Empirical approach MCQ21: The output function in a system theory is performed by ____, according to Gabriel Almond Answer: Executive MCQ22: The ____ theory help political scientists to understand how democracy is supposed to work in principle, and how they work in practice Answer: Democratic MCQ23: The ____ focuses on philosophy, values and norms in carrying out political Analysis Answer: Normative Approach MCQ24: Logic as a concept dates back to the writings of ____, who established it in philosophy Answer: Aristotle MCQ25: The error of explaining something in terms of one sole cause when other causes could also be at work is referred to as ________ Answer: Reductivism MCQ26: The formal systematic study of the principles of valid inference and correct reasoning is called _____________ Answer: Logic MCQ27: In the Aristotle classification of regimes, the good types include monarchy, aristocracy, and ____ Answer: Polity MCQ28: According to Arend Lijphart, the discussion of the comparative method is not complete without giving a consideration to the _________ Answer: Case Study Method. MCQ29: According to Landman (2008), the comparative study of institutional designs involves three types of institutions, and this includes; executive, legislative arrangements, ____, as well as the political party system Answer: The electoral system MCQ30: In comparative Politics, ____ design is used to compare political systems that share a host of common features in an effort to neutralize some differences while highlighting others Answer: Most Similar System MCQ31: The J.S. Mill’s (1843) method of difference seeks to identify the key features that are different among similar countries and which explains the observed _______ Answer: Political outcome MCQ32: One of the most important strategies for selecting a topic, and considered to be more than a technique for conducting research is the ___________ Answer: Case study method MCQ33: The consensus system is more often referred to as ____________ Answer: West German Model MCQ34: The method that is particularly well suited for scholars engaged in area Studies are called ____________ Answer: Most similar systems design MCQ35: The Single –country studies are also useful for generating hypotheses for ____ that are yet to be fully specified Answer: Theories MCQ36: A decisive scientific principle that is often violated by comparative politics is the ____ Answer: principle of selection MCQ37: The method of governmental organization in which authority is divided between the central government and the constituent units is called ____ Answer: Federalism MCQ38: The process of how a country’s administration is organized and how its functions, is regarded as ____ Answer: Public Administration MCQ39: The practice of Federalism emerged among nations as a result of a perceived need for ____, as well as the protection of the rights of its component units Answer: Stronger political unit MCQ40: The semi presidential system has its roots in the fifth Republic of ____ Answer: France MCQ41: The National Assembly in France is directly elected by ____ Answer: Adult Suffrage MCQ42: The abstract concepts which are specified at a high level of abstraction and are chosen purposely to give an explanation to the phenomenon of a researcher’s interest is called ______________ Answer: Constructs MCQ43: The model or system of government in which the executive is elected by the people into a fixed term of office is referred to as ____ Answer: Semi Presidential system MCQ44: Comparative Analysis of a particular political phenomenon cannot be said to be carried out successfully, without an extensive ___ Answer: Theoretical argument MCQ45: The approaches to the study of politics includes; normative philosophical, descriptive institutional, ____ and scientific behavioural Answer: Eclectic/ post behavioural MCQ46: According to Sartori (1991) we compare in order to ____ the observed units of variation Answer: Control MCQ47: In comparative analysis, the more open the relationship between the research question and ____ , the more positive the expected analytical results will be Answer: Research design MCQ48: Arend Lijphart (1971) stresses that there are three types of spatial analysis, and this includes; the statistically based; __________ and the comparable case approach Answer: Case-Oriented MCQ49: The Variables that make up the environment of the core subject in comparative analysis is called ______________ Answer: Contextual Variables MCQ50: Cases are considered as the units of observation that are defined by time and place and systematically linked to the ____ in context Answer: Research Question FBQ1: The definition of politics as “who gets what, when and how” was made by __ Answer: Harold Laswell FBQ 2: To Aristotle, politics was the search for the __ Answer: good life FBQ 3: According to Stephen Giliat there are__ major traditions in the understanding of Politics Answer: Two FBQ 4: The formulation of a body of general rules and logically consistent and universally valid statement about the universe is the ultimate goal of __ Answer: Science FBQ 5: The formulation of a body of general rules and logically consistent and universally valid statement about the universe is the ultimate goal of _________ Answer: Science FBQ 6: ___ has been described as an “adventure of the human spirit”? Answer: Science FBQ 7: The ___entails vigorous procedures starting from the selection of problem to be solved or analysed, followed by formulation of hypothesis, gathering of data and testing of hypothesis and finally, the use of findings to refuse, modify or support existing theories? Answer: scientific method FBQ 8: The theory of evolution and the theory of gravity in the natural science are based on the systematic collection of ___? Answer: evidence FBQ 9: The first difference between natural science and political science is the __? Answer: Role of experimentation FBQ 10: Experimentation and repeated empirical verification give theories in the natural science, the status of __? Answer: Laws FBQ 11: “___ law” state that electoral systems based on single member districts tend to produce two parties? Answer: Duverger’s FBQ 12: If scientific knowledge is to be verifiable, science must be __? Answer: Empirical FBQ 13: __ is said to be systematic when it is organised into an intelligible pattern or structure with significant relationships made clear? Answer: Knowledge FBQ 14: Traditionally, the study of politics was dominated by ___ reflections on universal political values? Answer: Philosophical FBQ 15: The____ approach to political inquiry focuses on the formal structures and agencies of government? Answer: Institutional FBQ 16: The key assumption of the behavioural approach or behaviouralism centers on___ in political behavior? Answer: Uniformities FBQ 17: The key assumption of the behavioural approach or behaviouralism centers on___ in political behavior? Answer: Uniformities FBQ 18: As an approach to the study of politics, behavioural approach introduces __ major elements to political science? Answer: Two FBQ 19: The second element that behaviouralism brought to the study of politics was the emphasis in the use of ___ in political analysis? Answer: scientific methods FBQ 20: According to ­­___ comparative Politics is simply an examination of political realities in countries all over the world, looking at the many ways people behave in politics. Answer: Michael Sodaro FBQ 21: Comparative politics is characterized by an empirical approach based on the __? Answer: comparative method FBQ 22: According to _______________comparative politics does not have a substantive focus in itself, but rather a methodological one Answer: Arend Lijphart FBQ 23: The earliest adopted method of comparing political institutions was __? Answer: Comparative Government FBQ 24: Philosophers who studied government on comparative basis used the __ approach? Answer: Descriptive FBQ25: The __ method is discountenanced under the comparative governments Answer: Scientific FBQ 26: ____________ is that area of study in political science which adopts the scientific method thereby going beyond the study of the structure and institutions of government through traditional descriptive approach Answer: Comparative Politics FBQ 27: __ is that area of study in political science which adopts the scientific method thereby going beyond the study of the structure and institutions of government through traditional descriptive approach Answer: Comparative Politics FBQ 28: Barrington Moore compared___ in countries like England, Russiaand Japan Answer: Revolutions FBQ 29: The second Phase in the Development of Comparative Politics is the ___________ Answer: Renaissance period FBQ 30: The term ‘Political Science’ was first used by __________ Answer: Jean Bodin FBQ 31: The third Phase in the Development of Comparative Politics is the __________ Answer: age of enlightenment FBQ 32: The Russian revolution of 1917 pioneered by ________ Answer: Joseph Lenin FBQ 33: One of the major characteristics of the traditional approach is that it adopts the __ method Answer: Historical FBQ 34: There are five types of adaptation: Conformity, innovation, ritualism, retreatism and ________rebellion. Answer: Rebellion FBQ 35: Precision is the recording of data and the statement of findings Requires ___ and ___? Answer: measurement and quantification FBQ 36: Ethical evaluation and empirical explanation involve __ differentProportions? Answer: Two FBQ 37: A salient focus of the methodological innovation had been the defining of ___ as systems of related individual behaviour or systems of social actions? Answer: Institutions FBQ 38: The proponents of the system theory identify ___primary components of every political system? Answer: Three FBQ 39: The first among the concepts of system theory is __ Answer: descriptive concept FBQ 40: The Structural Functional Analysis is fundamentally concerned with the phenomena of system regulation and ____ Answer: Maintenance FBQ 41: Both quantitative and ___________ approaches use scientific analysis, hence, both must observe the ground rules of scientific logic. Answer: Qualitative FBQ 42: According to Arend lijphart, comparative methods are defined from __ Standpoints Answer: Three FBQ 43: Basically, there are__ broad paths on the road of political inquiry? Answer: Two FBQ 44: The empirical approach relies on measurement and ________rather than theory or norm? Answer: Observation FBQ 45: According to Arend Ligphart, there are__ basic methods of discovering and establishing general empirical prepositions Answer: Four FBQ 46: ______________ as a concept of political structure connotes a legal and political relationships among two or more units of government that operate at different levels Answer: Federalism FBQ 47: A__ is a simplified representation of reality in descriptive or abstract form Answer: Model FBQ 48: A __ is used primarily to explain political facts Answer: Theory FBQ 49: A sets or systems of statements logically inter-connected is known as ____________  Answer: Theory FBQ 50: Politicization of judicial officers in Sub-Saharan Africa is the biggest threat to the _________________of the judiciary Answer: Independence