FBQ1: ______ can be defined as the process where liquid water is transformed into a gaseous state Answer: Evaporation FBQ2: Many of us have observed that our gardens need more watering on ___ days compared to calm days when temperature are similar Answer: Windy FBQ3: ______ is the flow of water in streams, rivers, and other channels, and is a major element of the cycle Answer: Stream flow FBQ4: 86% of the Earth's evaporation occurs over the? Answer: Oceans FBQ5: The rate and quantity of water vapour entering into the atmosphere both become higher in ______ air Answer: Drier FBQ6: _________ plants are able to transpire throughout the year Answer: Evergreen FBQ7: Potential evapotranspiration can be calculated using _____ formulae. Answer: Empirical FBQ8: The difference between the water percolated and the water added is the ____ water balance Answer: Potential FBQ9: _______ basically consist of a wet, porous ceramic cup mounted on top of a cylindrical water reservoir Answer: Atomometers FBQ10: ______ Underbrush and grasses increase surface roughness which slows overland flows that are insufficient to flatten the vegetation. Answer: Dense FBQ11: In order to carry storm water runoff to storage ponds, collect excess sediment and keep it out of streams ______ are built Answer: Drainage ditches FBQ12: Runoffs from ____can carry excess nutrients into streams, lakes, and ground-water supplies degrading water quality. Answer: Agricultural land FBQ13: _____ is the process of water loss from plants through stomata Answer: Transpiration FBQ14: For an _____unit hydrograph, the input rainfall is assumed to all take place at a discrete point in time Answer: Instantaneous FBQ15: Oceans make up _____ % of the Earth's surface and the solar radiation received here powers the global evaporation process Answer: 71 FBQ16: A _____is used to more easily represent the effect rainfall has on a particular basin Answer: Unit hydrograph FBQ17: Surface runoff sends ______ % of the land based precipitation back to the ocean to balance the processes of evaporation and precipitation Answer: 7 FBQ18: As _______ basins are urbanized, much of the vegetation is replaced by impervious surfaces, thus reducing the area where infiltration to ground water can occur Answer: Drainage FBQ19: Between rain events water is lost through _____from soil, leaves and branches. Answer: Evapotranspiration FBQ20: After some time the hydrograph settles at a constant level known as _____ flow stage Answer: Base FBQ21: When the soil is saturated, the ___the slopes, the lower the rate of infiltration and faster the rate of runoff. Answer: Steeper FBQ22: ______will occur quickly where impermeable rocks are exposed at the surface Answer: Runoff FBQ23: As water is held back dams and reservoirs slow down the rate of _____at peak times. Answer: Discharge FBQ24: The ratio of the length of river course per area of land is known as ? Answer: Drainage density FBQ25: ______is the name of the instrument that we use to determine the water level Answer: Staff gauge FBQ26: Rating curves frequently shift due to changes in the ____ that determine the relation between stream stage and stream flow. Answer: Factors FBQ27: In order to accurately determine stream discharge, measurements must be made of its width, depth, and Answer: Speed FBQ28: The river banks are irregular therefore the relation between stream height and stream discharge (flow) is not ? Answer: Linear FBQ29: The rating _____ shows the relationship between stream stage and stream flow Answer: Curve FBQ30: _____discharge is the volume of water flowing past a fixed point in a fixed unit of time. Answer: Stream FBQ31: _______ runoff from many activities can inhibit the penetration of sunlight through the water Colum. Answer: Silt-bearing FBQ32: ______ is the height of the water surface, above an established datum plane where the stage is zero. Answer: Stream stage FBQ33: Organic wastes such as _____ impose high oxygen demands on the receiving water leading to oxygen depletion. Answer: Sewage FBQ34: Pollutants in water include a wide spectrum of chemicals, ______, and physical chemistry or sensory changes Answer: Pathogens FBQ35: In the UK there are ______ to protect the passage of water across land unfettered in either quality of quantity. Answer: Common law rights MCQ1: When a surface evaporates, it loses ___and cools itself Answer: Energy MCQ2: Water is known to possess two main categories of properties namely chemical and ______ properties Answer: Physical MCQ3: Satellites can map the ____heat radiated from Earth Answer: Infrared MCQ4: Water is called the _______ solvent" because it dissolves more substances than any other liquid Answer: Universal MCQ5: The percolation gauge is actually regarded as a___ tool Answer: Research MCQ6: Water freezes at 0o ______ and boils at 100o C at sea level. Answer: Celsius (c) MCQ7: The device that can give direct measurement of evaporation is known as ? Answer: Atmometers MCQ8: Water is unique in that it is the only natural substance that is found in all _____ states Answer: Three MCQ9: Rain drops in ______ Answer: Diameter MCQ10: ?= R + A - P Answer: PE MCQ11: ___________ is the process that directs precipitation down plant branches and stems. Answer: Stemflow MCQ12: _____ are tiny droplets of water in the atmosphere Answer: Clouds MCQ13: Vegetation can intercept up to ________ of the rain that falls on its leaves. Answer: 50% MCQ14: _______ refers to the movement of water into the soil layer. Answer: Infiltration MCQ15: Movement of water into the soil is controlled by gravity, capillary action and soil _________ Answer: Porosity MCQ16: _____ water is essentially non-mobile and can only be removed from the soil through heating. Answer: Hygroscopic MCQ17: In order to have rain there must be a ____ Answer: Cloud MCQ18: ______ matter is generally more porous than mineral soil particles and can hold much greater quantities of water Answer: Organic MCQ19: ____ force holds soil water from 0.0002 to 0.06 millimetres from the surface of soil particle Answer: Matric MCQ20: All these water molecules attracting each other mean they tend to _______ together. Answer: Clump MCQ21: Rates of water movement via through flow are usually ________ Answer: Low MCQ22: Plants can use most of this water by way of capillary action until the soil ________ point is reached Answer: Wilting MCQ23: One of these oceans is described as the oldest among others ______ Answer: Indian MCQ24: All rivers are surrounded by a certain amount of land that is higher in __________than the actual river Answer: Altitude MCQ25: Rivers and streams begin their lives as smaller creeks, often called "the __________''. Answer: Headwaters MCQ26: A lake really is just another component of Earth's __________ water Answer: Surface MCQ27: Groundwater occurs in _____ main forms Answer: Two MCQ28: The main uses of _____ water include irrigation uses, drinking-water and other public uses and for supplying domestic water to people who do not receives public water supply Answer: Ground MCQ29: The _______ describe the catchment for the drainage basins Answer: Lines MCQ30: A drainage basin is the area of land where all of the water that falls in it is _________ Answer: Drains MCQ31: Rivers radiate _______ from a central point Answer: Outwards MCQ32: ______ is the sporadic horizontal flow of water within the soil layer Answer: Through flow MCQ33: _________ at the ground with a pick and shovel is one way to dig a well. Answer: Hacking MCQ34: _________ refers in general to the practice of using a forked stick, rod, pendulum, or similar device to locate underground water minerals or other hidden or lost substances Answer: Water dowsing MCQ35: Many great rivers from the Asia and north America empty into _________ oceans Answer: Arctic