FBQ1: ____ causes the alteration of natural ecosystems. Answer: Environmental Hazards FBQ2: Effects of the disaster caused by natural hazards can be greatly reduced by action taken in advance to reduce ____  Answer: Vulnerability FBQ3: ____countries have made progress at reducing the impacts of hurricanes, floods, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and landslides. Answer: Industrialized FBQ4: Prevention, which includes structural and nonstructural measures is a ___means of reducing the toll on life and property. Answer: Cost-effective FBQ5: Post-disaster relief and reconstruction measures are important for humanitarian reasons, and are designed to ____ future disasters  Answer: Prevent FBQ6: ____ is concerned with specific events that destroy lives and properties Answer: Disaster management FBQ7: ____ addresses the potentially detrimental effects of all natural hazardous events, whether or not they result in a disaster. Answer: Hazard management FBQ8: ____ offer sophisticated equipment and highly trained personnel for search and rescue missions. Answer: Donor nations FBQ9: Mitigation measure is better seen as a ____ investment Answer: Fundamental FBQ10: Environmentally Integrated development planning, relatively implies a ____ approach Answer: Multicultural FBQ11: Earthquakes simply demonstrate that the earth is consistently a ____ system. Answer: Changing FBQ12: Deep- focus earthquakes are those with focal depths over ____ km Answer: 100 FBQ13: Seismic surface waves are somewhat similar to surface waves on water. True or false? ____ Answer: True FBQ14: The ____ is instrument used measuring the magnitude of earthquake Answer: Richter scale FBQ15: ____ and movement along the fault are obvious hazards. Answer: Ground shaking FBQ16: Landslide can be a serious secondary earthquake hazard in ____ Answer: Hilly areas FBQ17: What is hostile to the environment is hostile to man. True or false? ____ Answer: True FBQ18: ____of tsunamis, however, can easily be over 15 meters high in the case of large earthquake. Answer: Breakers FBQ19: A secondary hazard of ____in cities is fire Answer: Earthquakes FBQ20: A flood may be referred to as a comparatively high flow of water that ____ the natural or artificial banks in any reach of stream. Answer: Over-tops FBQ21: ____are caused by precipitation acting either directly by rainfall, or indirectly by snow or ice melt, and those resulting from dam collapse and earth slides. Answer: River Floods FBQ22: Flash floods are often the results of ____ Answer: Convection storms FBQ23: Coastal Floods are of ____ types Answer: Three FBQ24: Floods may also be caused by the encroachment of hydraulic structures and cities on floodplains and coastal lands and by ____ of river channels.  Answer: Blocking FBQ25: Floodplains soils are normally more ____and ____to till than those of uplands. Answer: Fertile FBQ26: Riverbanks have always been attractive locations for towns because they act as a focus for routes at ____  Answer: Bridging Points FBQ27: Flood has been known to cause damage to ____ and Landed Properties Answer: Lives FBQ28: ____and ____ are becoming popular environmental problems in Nigeria today. Answer: Drought, flood FBQ29: Drought has been described as an extended and continuous duration of very ____ Answer: Dry weather FBQ30: Globally, there are ___ basic types of drought. Answer: Three FBQ31: ____ requires varying moisture needs through their growth and development periods. Answer: Crops FBQ32: ____drought takes place when the water needs of plants cannot be met by available precipitation. Answer: Hydrological FBQ33: ____is land degradation in arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid areas resulting from various factors including climatic variations and human activities. Answer: Desertification FBQ34: ____ is the reduction in the ability of soils to transmit and store water for plant growth. Answer: Drought FBQ35: Gully and sheet erosion of soils by occasional heavy rainfalls appears to accumulate the eroded materials on ____  Answer: Valley floors MCQ1: Volcanic gases are released by explosive eruptions and ________ Answer: Lava Flows MCQ2: Environmental hazards are more of a negative ……………………………………… Answer: resource  MCQ3: To monitor and solve the challenges of desertification, there is need to collect data about the target ………………………….. Answer: Environment  MCQ4: The most important precursors of volcanic eruption are………………………………………… Answer: Earthquake Activity      MCQ5: The truth about life is that environmental hazards are …………………………………………… Answer: Inevitable  MCQ6: Mass movements also add considerably to the wide range of hazards found in mountainous areas throughout the world (Smith-------) Answer: 1991 MCQ7: Power lines and pipelines can be built with extra slack where they cross a…………… Answer: Fault zone  MCQ8: The down slope movement of large volumes of surface materials under gravitational influences is an important …………… Answer: Environmental hazard MCQ9: During the early 1970s, an average of nearly 600 people per year were killed by slope failures ……………………………….. Answer: Worldwide      MCQ10: The process called -------------- is produced by the interlocking, or sticking together, of granular particles Answer: Internal cohesion  MCQ11: Landslides are down slope movements of rock and soil along ………………………………… Answer: Slip surfaces        MCQ12: …………….. Is a possible methods of diverting and controlling lava flows Answer: Water Sprays  MCQ13: Coastal areas, especially around the Pacific Ocean basin where so many large earthquakes occur, may also be vulnerable …… Answer: Tsunamis      MCQ14: Post-disaster relief and reconstruction measures are important for humanitarian …………………………….. Answer: Reasons        MCQ15: Flash floods are often the results of convection ………………………………. Answer: Storms  MCQ16: The utilization of gas cookers, kerosene stoves, and solar energy appliances for domestic use will reduce the demand on the Answer: Forests MCQ17: Environmental hazards may be likened to Environmental ………………. Answer: Resources      MCQ18: Ground shaking and movement along the fault are obvious ……………………. Answer: Hazards MCQ19: Once the hazard is recognized, a wide range of potential adjustments is …………. Answer: Available MCQ20: ……………………… is related to avalanche frequency Answer: Slope angle  MCQ21: ………….. is the most important precursors of volcanic eruption Answer: Earthquake activity      MCQ22: …………….. Measures the amount of ground motion Answer: Seismograph    MCQ23: In the year ____, rockslide occurred in Alberta and Canada, Answer: 1903      MCQ24: Only twenty volcanoes worldwide are monitored by well-equipped local ………………………………….. Answer: Observatories  MCQ25: Earthquake is one of the commonest environmental hazards that humans are yet to …………………………………….. Answer: Subdue MCQ26: Drought is no doubt an inevitable and often devastating ………………………………….  Answer: Phenomenon MCQ27: In February 1988 debris flows in Rio de Janeiro claimed at least…………………….lives Answer: 200 MCQ28: …………………. have always been attractive locations sites on riverbanks Answer: Towns    MCQ29: The effects of disaster caused by natural hazards can be greatly reduced by ……………………..action taken            Answer: Advance MCQ30: ……………………… is related to avalanche frequency Answer: Slope distance MCQ31: …………………………... exist as curved slip surfaces Answer: Rotational slides    MCQ32: ……………… induced most of the largest rock falls   Answer: Earthquake  MCQ33: To monitor and solve the challenges of desertification, there is need to collect data about the target ………………………… Answer: Environment  MCQ34: Globally the term desertification has swallowed up a number of related terms such as …………………………….. Answer: Desert encroachment  MCQ35: ……………………….Flash floods are often the results of convection Answer: Storms