Q1 The activity of the ileocecal sphincter is controlled by the
Q2 The external anal sphincter consists of muscle that surrounds the internal sphincter and also extends distal to it
Q3 The external anal sphincter which is under voluntary control and is supplied by
Q4 The internal anal sphincters consist of a muscle that is in the anal wall
Q5 Distension of the stomach by food causes relaxation of and allows emptying of the ileal content into the caecum.
Q6 hormone stimulates the movement which facilitates absorption of digested food.
Q7 The mucus secreted by the Brunner’s gland provides protection to the mucosa lining against
Q8 occurs mainly due to gastroduodenal plexus cycle caused by digestive peristalsis of the stomach.
Q9 The gastric secretion has which is necessary for absorption of vitamin B12.
Q10
is the difficulty in emptying the food from the esophagus to stomach
due to absence of peristalsis in the lower 3rd or failure of cardiac
sphincter to relax.
Q11 The presence of food at the entry of the stimulates receptors in the tonsil and epiglottiswhich initiate the reflex.
Q12 is the process by which food brought into the mouth is broken down into smaller pieces by the teeth.
Q13 The intestinal gland of the duodenum are called which also secrete mucus.
Q14 The conjugation of makes it insoluble resulting in precipitation.
Q15 About 90% of the that enter the small intestine are absorbed from the terminal ileum before entering the liver through the portal circulation.
Q16 The that is formed after digestion promotes absorption.
Q17 is the chief phospholipids present in the bile.
Q18 causes secretion of the pancreatic juice which in digestive enzymes
Q19 Presence of
in the duodenum is the main stimulus resulting in secretion of watery
fluid which is bicarbonate that helps to neutralize the acid pH.
Q20 About of pancreatic juice are secreted daily.
Q21 The presence of acid and fat in the duodenum causes release of secretin and
Q22 Food containing substances known as also elicit release of gastrin by the intrinsic reflex.
Q23 Distension of the pyloric antrum also results in the release of into the blood by an intrinsic reflex.
Q24 The accounts for about 10% of the total gastric secretion associated with a meal.
Q25 neutralizes the gastric acid that refluxes into the esophagus and release heart burn
Q26 The activates phospholipase C which in turn raises intracellular Ca2+.
Q27 The pH value of gastric secretion varies between
Q28 The volume of gastric acid secreted per day is about
Q29 secrete Hydrochloric acid (HCl) and intrinsic factors.
Q30 and IgA are present in the saliva to provide bactericidal and immunity functions
Q31 The enzyme acts on boiled starch and convert it to maltose
Q32 Salivary secretion is regulated mainly by mechanisms
Q33
is a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membrane due to
presence of a large quantity of deoxygenated haemoglobin in the blood.
Q34 The carotid bodies have a very high blood flow, about of tissue per minute.
Q35 Oxygen transport consists of important steps
Q36 The at the inspiratory centre are capable of spontaneous discharge of nervous impulses
Q37 is the flow of blood through the lungs.
Q38 Carbondioxide is about times more diffusible than oxygen at body temperature.
Q39 Haemoglobin binds with carbon monoxide times more readily than with oxygen
Q40 is when a decrease in pH shifts the standard curve to the right and an increase shifts it to the left
Q41 is a graph that shows the percent saturation of hemoglobin at various partial pressures of oxygen
Q42 is a lipoprotein complex formed by lipids especially phospholipids, proteins and ions.
Q43 The process by which atmospheric oxygen gets to the tissues for use in metabolic processes is referred to as
Q44 Lack or absence of surfactant in infant causes Respiratory Distress Syndrome or
Q45 Gaseous exchange is divided into the processes of alveolar ventilation and
Q46 The pulmonary surfactant is secreted by the alveolar epithelial cells in the lungs
Q47 is the volume of fresh air that enters the alveoli per minute.
Q48 is the volume of air breathed in and out of the lungs during normal quiet respiration.
Q49 is the volume of air remaining in the lungs even after a most forceful expiration.
Q50 is the volume of air remaining in the lungs after normal tidal expiration.
Q51 is the volume of air that can be forcefully inspired after a normal inspiration.
Q52 is a surface acting agent that is responsible for lowering the surface tension of a fluid.
Q53 An increase in thoracic volume due to diaphragm causes the intrathoracic pressure to be less than atmospheric pressure
Q54 The diaphragm is capable of vertical excursion of depending on the depth of breathing.
Q55 he internal intercostal muscles run backwards and downwards and pull the ribs
Q56 The value of Inspiratory capacity is about
Q57 The oxygen in the blood that is delivered to the left atrium is about
Q58 The blood pumped into the pulmonary circulation at rest is
Q59 Blood is pumped out of the right ventricle at a pressure of
Q60 Venous blood from tissues of the body is returned to the of the heart
Q61 _________ Is secreted by the parietal cell of the fundus
Q62 _________neutralizes the gastric acid that refluxes into the esophagus and release heart burn.
Q63 _________acts on salivary duct to cause sodium ion reabsorption in exchange for potassium ion.
Q64 During high flow rate of saliva, less time is allowed for transfer of ions and hence Na+ is_________ K+
Q65 The saliva in the duct is_________ while the saliva in the mouth is hypotonic.
Q66 Human saliva has a pH range from_________
Q67 The secretion of saliva per day ranges from_________
Q68 The parotid gland is supplies by cranial nerve_________
Q69 The parasympathetic fiber of cranial nerve_________ supplies some part of submaxillary and sublingual glands.
Q70 _________is sensitive to osmolar changes, pH changes and chemical composition of food.
Q71 The_________plexus control secretion and local blood flow.
Q72 The plexus control GIT movement is called_________
Q73 The_________plexus is sensitive to stretch
Q74 The_________relaxes in response to appropriate stimulus so that flow can occur from one compartment to the next.
Q75 The_________regulates or maintains aurocaudal flow of GIT contents
Q76 The outer GIT plexus that lies between the longitudinal and circular layer and is called_________
Q77 The wall of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) has an_________ nervous system
Q78 Decompression sickness can be avoided if the
diver is made to ascend to the surface of the sea gradually over a
period of _________ hours
Q79 About_________ of people suffering from decompression sickness develop pain in the joints and muscles of the legs or arms.
Q80 Cyanosis becomes noticeable when the arterial
blood contains_________or more of deoxygenated haemoglobin per 100ml of
blood.
Q81 The concentration of Hcl in gastric juice is_________ mEq/L
Q82 The absorption of vitamin_________ occurs in the terminal ileum.
Q83 The cranial nerve_________supplies the parotid gland.
Q84 The parasympathetic fiber of cranial nerve_________7 supplies some submaxillary and sublingual
Q85 The parotid gland produced_________of the salivary secretion.
Q86 The submaxillary gland produces_________ secretion
Q87 There are_________ types of secreting cells in the acini
Q88 _________regulates aurocaudal flow of GIT contents.
Q89 The alimentary tract is divided into functional compartment by_________sphincters.
Q90 The_________ enters the brain and CSF is hydrated to form H2CO3.
Q91 The central chemoreceptors are located on the floor of the_________ ventricle in the medulla oblongata
Q92 The changes in the chemical composition of blood are detected_________ groups of chemoreceptors
Q93 The three main substances involved are CO2,_________ and O2
Q94 The_________ centre sends inhibitory impulses to the apneustic centre
Q95 The neural control of respiration can be sub-divided into_________ main types
Q96 voluntary control of breathing is carried out under the control of the_________
Q97 Carbondioxide is transported in the blood in_________forms
Q98 The pressure of PCO2 in the tissues is_________
Q99 2,3-Disphosphoglycerate is an organophosphate that is created in erythrocytes during_________
Q100 The formation of a bicarbonate ion will release a_________ into the plasma
Q101 A reduction in the total binding capacity of haemoglobin to oxygen due to reduced pH is called_________
Q102 The factor that can cause oxygen- hemoglobin dissociation curve to shift to the left include_________
Q103 The factor that can cause oxygen- hemoglobin dissociation curve to shift to the right include_________
Q104 The PO2 of pulmonary capillary blood when fully oxygenated is_________
Q105 100ml of blood at full saturation usually carry_________ of oxygen
Q106 Each gram of hemoglobin is capable of carrying_________ of oxygen at full saturation.
Q107 Oxygen is transported in_________ forms in the blood
Q108 Oxygen transport consists of_________ important steps
Q109 This whole mechanism of gas exchange is carried by the simple phenomenon called_________
Q110 The process of gas exchange has_________steps
Q111 The value of Total Lung Capasity is about_________
Q112 The value of Functional Residual Capasity is about_________
Q113 The value of Inspiratory capacity is about_________
Q114 The volume of air present in the lungs after a inspiratory effort is called_________
Q115 The volume of air that moves into and out of the lungs under different conditions can be measured by_________
Q116 The diaphragm is capable of vertical excursion of_________ depending on the depth of breathing.
Q117 The right bronchial artery arises from the_________right intercostal artery
Q118 The blood pumped into the pulmonary circulation at rest is_________
Q119 The plasma oncotic pressure is_________mmHg
Q120 The pulmonary circulation is a_________pressure circulation