Q2 In food preparation, microbes are reduced to acceptable levels using methods such as addition of vinegar and _.
Q3 Human insulin and human growth hormone are produced by _bacteria.
Q4 Gram stain was developed in the year _.
Q5 The microscope used in the examination of unstained organisms suspended in fields is called microscope.
Q6 Alcoholic fermentation was found to be catalyzed by _.
Q7 A system of surgery designed to prevent microorganisms from entering wounds was developed by _.
Q8 Beijerinck and pioneered the use of enrichment cultures and selective media.
Q9 The class of microorganisms that has growth optima around 20 ۫C to 45 ۫ C is _.
Q10 Another name for phenol is _.
Q11 are the most plentiful form of plankton in the Arctic.
Q12 Systematic classification of fungi is based on sequence analtses of RNA.
Q13 The Basidiomycota are known a fungi.
Q14 Cell division in Saccharomyces cerevisiae occur by _..
Q15 Heat – sensitive liquids and gases are sterilized by the use of method.
Q16 Based on the source of energy bacteria can be classified as phototrophs and _.
Q17 The vegetative structure of a fungus is called a _.
Q18 The union of a special male structure called a spermatium with a female reproductive structure is called _.
Q19 _are large thick walled spores formed when the tips of two sexually compatible hyphae fuse together.
Q20 Spoilage of meat and / or vegetables in cold syorage can be caused by some _.
Q21 Most microorganisms cannot be seen without _.
Q22 coined the term cell.
Q23 Bacteria were first discovered in the year _.
Q24 The first person to publish an extensive, accurate observation of microorganisms was _.
Q25 was awarded the 1905 nobel prize for physiology or medicine.
Q26 A phase in the growth curve during which there is no increase in cell number of a microbial population is called _. phase.
Q27 A form of asexual reproduction process in which a single cell
divides into two cells after developing a transverse septum is called _.
Q28 Simple acellular entities that can only reproduce within living cells are called _.
Q29 A regular polyhedron with twenty equilateral triangle faces and twelve vertices is known as _.
Q30 is the simplest virus.
Q31 Bacteria are divided into volumes based on Bergey manual of systematic bacteriology.
Q32 The shells of diatoms are called _.
Q33 Viruses can exist in extracellular and phases.
Q34 Types of fixation are heat and _.
Q35 The Domains of microorganisms include Bacteria, Eucarya and _.
Q36 The mechanism of genetic transfer that involves cell to cell contact is known as _.
Q37 A mutation that involves a single base substitution that changes a
codon for one amino acid into a codon for another is called mutation
Q38 postulated the germ theory of disease.
Q39 The genus of bacteria used to introduce DNA into plants is _.
Q40 The genus of bacteria that causes STD mostly of humans and animals is _.
Q41 A change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA is described as _.
Q42 The genera of bacteria that can cause diphtheria is _.
Q43 The genus of bacteria that is responsible for skin abscesses is _.
Q44 The process by which nitrogen is removed from the ecosystem and returned to the atmosphere is known as _.
Q45 test is used to screen for mutagens and potential carcinogens.
Q46 The cell wall of bacteria is made up of _.
Q47 Most bacterial capsules consist of _.
Q48 A cluster of bioflagella is called _.
Q49 The process by which microorganisms are used to recover metals from their ores is called _.
Q50 can be used for the generation of mechanical, electrical and heat energy.
Q51 The instrument used for moist heat sterilization is _.
Q52 The process by which microorganisms loose viability at very high temperatures is known as _.
Q53 The process by which all living cells, spores and acellular
entities are either destroyed or removed from an object or inhibited is
called _.
Q54 Nitrification is carried out by bacteria.
Q55 The strain isolated originally from nature is called the type strain.
Q56 Shift occurs when a culture of microorganisms is transferred from a nutritionally poor medium to a richer one.
Q57 Organisms that are damaged by normal atmospheric level of oxygen
and require oxygen level below the range of 2 to 10 % for optimum growth
are classified as _.
Q58
The genus of bacteria that are aerobes or facultative anaerobes that
from irregular clusters by dividing into two or more planes is _.
Q59 is the most common abundant element in the atmosphere.
Q60 The group of bacteria that converts nitrite to nitrate is _.
Q61 Microorganisms are named according to system.
Q62 The basic taxonomic group in microbial taxonomy is the _.
Q63 Microorganisms that are able to live in environments high in sugar as a solute are called _.
Q64 Microorganisms that grow well at 0° C and have an optimum temperature of 15° C or below are classified as _.
Q65 The mean growth rate constant (K) is the reciprocal of the _.
Q66 The two main areas of research in Microbiology are basic and _.
Q67 The branch of Microbiology that deals with microbial processes in lakes, rivers, and the ocean is called _.
Q68 In the 20th Century, era of molecular microbiology began in the _.
Q69 The concept of chemo – lithotrophy was proposed by _.
Q70 disproved and defeated the theory of spontaneous generation.
Q71 is the colonial green algae which mat form water blooms.
Q72 The reddish colour of red algae results from _.
Q73 Many unicellular green algae are motile by _action.
Q74 Compounds that have the ability to inhibit the growth and metabolism of microorganisms are called agents.
Q75 is used to disinfect effluents from sewage treatment.
Q76 One of these is not an agricultural activity of microorganisms:
Q77 Who supported the theory of spontaneous generation?
Q78 Which of the following is not placed in any microorganism’s domain?
Q79 A microscope in which the magnified image formed
by the objective lens is further enlarged by one or more additional
lenses is known as:
Q80 The formation of diphtheria tetanus antitoxins was induced by:
Q81 The most commonly used differential staining procedure is:
Q82 The process by which the internal and external
structures of cells and microorganisms are preserved and fixed in a
position is known as:
Q83 Which of the following disinfectants is used in food industries?
Q84 The acid used as a pharmaceutical to supply calcium to the body is:
Q85 Which one of the following is not an agricultural activity of microorganisms?
Q86 Which of the following statements best describe transduction?
Q87 Which of the following genera of bacteria are
aerobes or facultative anaerobes that from irregular clusters by
dividing into two or more planes?
Q88 Mutation can involve the ____of nucleotides. I. division , II. addition, III. deletion
Q89 Which of the following groups of bacteria is not with unusual properties?
Q90 Which of the following is not a characteristic of the mycobacterium?
Q91 The vaccine for the disease anthrax was developed between the period:
Q92 The microscope used to study microbial motility and determining the shape of line cells is:
Q93 The most commonly used differential staining procedure is:
Q94 The acid used as a pharmaceutical to supply calcium to the body is:
Q95 A microscope in which the magnified image formed
by the objective lens is further enlarged by one or more additional
lenses is known as:
Q96 A system of surgery designed to prevent microorganisms from entering wounds was developed by:
Q97 Alcoholic fermentation was found to be catalyzed by:
Q98 The major difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is:
Q99 The following characterizes the cytoplasmic membrane except:
Q100 In bacterial cells, the capsules:
Q101 Which of the following occurs when a culture of
microorganisms is transferred from a nutritionally poor medium to a
richer one?(
Q102 Which of the following classes of microorganisms has growth optima around 20 ۫ C to 45 ۫ C?
Q103 Chemotrophs are:
Q104 Which of the following is not a step in virus reproduction?
Q105 Which of the following is not an advantage of direct count method of measuring bacterial growth?
Q106 Virus purification can be described as:
Q107 Which of the following factors need not to be
considered in the process of selecting the most appropriate chemical
agent for a specific practical application?
Q108 Which of the following groups of algae are found the cool ocean waters?
Q109 Which of the following is not a major characteristic of the Crysophycophyta?
Q110 Which of the following is not a method of isolating and purifying viruses?
Q111 Into how many volumes are bacteria divided based on Bergey manual of systematic bacteriology?
Q112 Which of the following groups of bacteria is gram – positive?
Q113 Which of the following is not a type of flagella?
Q114 Which of the following is not a widely used method of isolating and purifying viruses?
Q115 Which of the following processes allow virus to
control the host cell’s biosynthetic machinery during reproduction? I.
Transcrbtion of genes, II. Replication of genomes, III. Synthesis of
proteins, IV.Translation of genes
Q116 Which of the following is not a feature of the Endospore form gram – positive bacteria?
Q117 Examples of fungi include :I .Mushroom, II. Euglena III.Yeast
Q118 Which of the following are spores formed by budding?
Q119 Which of the following is not true about fungi?
Q120 Which of the following groups of bacteria converts nitrite to nitrate?
Q121 Which of the following methods of measuring
microbial growth depends on the fact that microbial cells scatter light
that strikes them?
Q122 Which of the following is not an example of light Microscope?
Q123 Biochemistry deals with:
Q124 Who isolated the first culture of many soil and aquatic microorganisms?
Q125 Which of the following statements best describe the term systematics?
Q126 How many phases has the growth curve?
Q127 Which of the following is an advantage of the viable plate count method of measuring microbial growth?
Q128 The most commonly used differential staining procedure is:
Q129 The underlisted are sexual spores except:
Q130 Which of the following is not a microbial taxonomic rank?
Q131 Which of the following genera of bacteria are
aerobes or facultative anaerobes that from irregular clusters by
dividing into two or more planes?
Q132 Which of the following statements best describe transduction?
Q133 Which of the following characteristics is not a basis for classification of algae?
Q134 Which of the following is an example of the zygomycetes?
Q135 Which of the following are the simplest and earliest groups of fungi?
Q136 Which of the following processes is involved in
the biogeochemical cycling of elements? I. biological, II. physical,
III. chemical
Q137 Which of the following is the most common abundant element in the atmosphere?
Q138 Facultative organisms can grow under the following conditions: I. Acrobic , II. Alcoholic, III. Anaerobic
Q139 Which of the following is not a type of capsid symmetry?
Q140 Which of the following does not indicate the distinction between viruses and other living cells?
Q141 Which of the following environmental factors does not influence microbial growth?
Q142 To which of the following class of microorganisms does Enterococus faccalis belong?
Q143 The following are advantages of fixing and staining specimens except:
Q144 Which of the following shapes can be assumed by a bacterium?
Q145 The following methods are used to reduce microorganisms from the surroundings except:
Q146 Which of the following is not used to cultivate plant viruses?
Q147 Which of the following is not a method of isolating and purifying viruses?
Q148 Virus purification can be described as:
Q149 Which of the following is a disadvantage of the membrane filter technique of measuring bacteria population growth?
Q150 Which of the following factors is not responsible for stationary phase?